योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-149, verse-12

अन्यमुनिरुवाच ।
साधो साधु विविक्तान्तःकरणे यत्तु कारणम् ।
सद्वासद्वास्य दृश्यस्य कस्माज्जानासि कथ्यताम् ॥ १२ ॥

anyamuniruvāca ,
sādho sādhu viviktāntaḥkaraṇe yattu kāraṇam ,
sadvāsadvāsya dṛśyasya kasmājjānāsi kathyatām 12

12. anya muniḥ uvāca sādho sādhu viviktāntaḥkaraṇe yat tu
kāraṇam sat vā asat vā asya dṛśyasya kasmāt jānāsi kathyatām

12. anya muniḥ uvāca sādho sādhu viviktāntaḥkaraṇe asya dṛśyasya
sat vā asat vā yat kāraṇam tu kasmāt jānāsi kathyatām

12. Another sage said: 'O good one (sādhu), well spoken! In your pure inner mind, how do you know the true cause of this perceived world, whether it is real or unreal? Please explain.'

Words meanings summery:

• अन्य (anya) - other, another

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• साधो (sādho) - O good one, O virtuous one

• साधु (sādhu) - well done, good, excellent

• विविक्तान्तःकरणे (viviktāntaḥkaraṇe) - in a clear/pure inner mind

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason

• सत् (sat) - existent, real, true

• वा (vā) - or

• असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal

• वा (vā) - or

• अस्य (asya) - of this

• दृश्यस्य (dṛśyasya) - of the visible world, of what is seen

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from where, why, from what cause

• जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

• कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be told, let it be explained

Words meanings and morphology

अन्य (anya) - other, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with 'muniḥ'.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

साधो (sādho) - O good one, O virtuous one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, holy man, sage

साधु (sādhu) - well done, good, excellent

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an exclamation of approval.

विविक्तान्तःकरणे (viviktāntaḥkaraṇe) - in a clear/pure inner mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of viviktāntaḥkaraṇa

viviktāntaḥkaraṇa - pure inner mind, clear internal organ

Compound of vivikta (pure, separated) and antaḥkaraṇa (inner mind)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vivikta+antaḥkaraṇa)

• vivikta – separated, pure, distinct
  participle (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From vi + vic (to separate)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vic (class 7)
• antaḥkaraṇa – inner mind, internal organ of thought (mind, intellect, ego)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of antas (inner) + karaṇa (instrument, organ)

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that which, whoever

Note: Refers to 'kāraṇam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सत् (sat) - existent, real, true

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, true, good

present active participle

From as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the nature of 'dṛśya'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad

present active participle (negative)

Negative compound of a (not) + sat (existent, from as 'to be')

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• sat – existent, real, true
  participle (neuter)
  present active participle
  From as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the nature of 'dṛśya'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'dṛśyasya'.

दृश्यस्य (dṛśyasya) - of the visible world, of what is seen

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dṛśya

dṛśya - visible, perceptible, phenomenon, the objective world

gerundive

From dṛś (to see), with 'ya' suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from where, why, from what cause

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Functions adverbially as 'how' or 'from what reason'.

जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be told, let it be explained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of kath

From the root kath (to tell, class 10)

Root: kath (class 10)