योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-3

गम्भीरं वारिगर्भं प्रसृतजलचरं ये प्रविश्य प्रविश्य प्राङ्मतत्स्यान्प्रोतचञ्चवश्चतुरतर परं जग्धवन्तो विदग्धाः ते केनाप्यद्य दिष्ट्या मृततिमिगमिताः कालयुक्ते महिम्ना नाक्रामन्ति क्रमस्थाः सुहरमपि पुरः पङ्गवो मद्गवोऽमी ॥ ३ ॥ gambhīraṃ vārigarbhaṃ prasṛtajalacaraṃ ye praviśya praviśya prāṅmatatsyānprotacañcavaścaturatara paraṃ jagdhavanto vidagdhāḥ te kenāpyadya diṣṭyā mṛtatimigamitāḥ kālayukte mahimnā nākrāmanti kramasthāḥ suharamapi puraḥ paṅgavo madgavo'mī ।
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3 ।
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गम्भीरं वारिगर्भं प्रसृतजलचरं ये प्रविश्य प्रविश्य
प्राङ्मतत्स्यान्प्रोतचञ्चवश्चतुरतर परं जग्धवन्तो विदग्धाः ते
केनाप्यद्य दिष्ट्या मृततिमिगमिताः कालयुक्ते महिम्ना
नाक्रामन्ति क्रमस्थाः सुहरमपि पुरः पङ्गवो मद्गवोऽमी ॥ ३ ॥

3. gambhīram vārigarbham prasṛta-jala-caram ye praviśya praviśya
prāk-mṛta-matsyān prota-cañcavaḥ caturatara param jagdhavantaḥ vidagdhāḥ
te kena api adya diṣṭyā mṛta-timi-gamitāḥ kāla-yukte mahimnā
na ākrāmanti krama-sthāḥ su-haram api puraḥ paṅgavaḥ madgavaḥ amī

3. amī madgavaḥ ye vidagdhāḥ caturatara gambhīram vārigarbham
prasṛta-jala-caram praviśya praviśya prāk-mṛta-matsyān prota-cañcavaḥ
param jagdhavantaḥ te adya kena api diṣṭyā kāla-yukte mahimnā
mṛta-timi-gamitāḥ paṅgavaḥ krama-sthāḥ puraḥ su-haram api na ākrāmanti

3. Those cunning experts who used to repeatedly enter deep, water-filled places teeming with aquatic life, sticking their beaks into already dead fish and devouring an abundance of them, are today, by some twist of fate and the power of time, rendered lifeless like great whales. These very cormorants, now crippled and rooted to their spots, cannot even attack easily catchable prey right before them.

Words meanings summery:

• गम्भीरम् (gambhīram) - deep, profound

• वारिगर्भम् (vārigarbham) - water-filled, containing water

• प्रसृत-जल-चरम् (prasṛta-jala-caram) - having abundant aquatic creatures, teeming with aquatic life

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - repeatedly having entered

• प्राक्-मृत-मत्स्यान् (prāk-mṛta-matsyān) - previously dead fish, already dead fish

• प्रोत-चञ्चवः (prota-cañcavaḥ) - with beaks stuck (in them)

• चतुरतर (caturatara) - exceedingly clever, more clever

• परम् (param) - exceedingly, supremely, much

• जग्धवन्तः (jagdhavantaḥ) - having eaten

• विदग्धाः (vidagdhāḥ) - clever, expert, skillful

• ते (te) - those (same ones)

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what, by some (with 'api')

• अपि (api) - even, also, some (with interrogative)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - by fate, by luck, fortunately/unfortunately

• मृत-तिमि-गमिताः (mṛta-timi-gamitāḥ) - reduced to the state of dead whales, made like dead whales

• काल-युक्ते (kāla-yukte) - at an opportune time, at the proper time, associated with time

• महिम्ना (mahimnā) - by glory, by power, by greatness

• न (na) - not

• आक्रामन्ति (ākrāmanti) - they do not attack, they do not approach

• क्रम-स्थाः (krama-sthāḥ) - standing in their tracks, paralyzed, motionless

• सु-हरम् (su-haram) - very easily caught, very easily carried away

• अपि (api) - even

• पुरः (puraḥ) - in front, before

• पङ्गवः (paṅgavaḥ) - lame, crippled

• मद्गवः (madgavaḥ) - cormorants

• अमी (amī) - these

Words meanings and morphology

गम्भीरम् (gambhīram) - deep, profound

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gambhīra

gambhīra - deep, profound, serious, grave

Note: Modifies an implied object like 'place' or 'water body'.

वारिगर्भम् (vārigarbham) - water-filled, containing water

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vārigarbha

vārigarbha - water-filled, containing water, pregnant with water (clouds)

A tatpurusha compound 'water in its womb'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāri+garbha)

• vāri – water
  noun (neuter)
• garbha – womb, interior, containing, embryo
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies an implied object like 'place' or 'water body'.

प्रसृत-जल-चरम् (prasṛta-jala-caram) - having abundant aquatic creatures, teeming with aquatic life

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prasṛta-jala-cara

prasṛta-jala-cara - having abundant/spread-out aquatic creatures

A bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'that in which aquatic creatures are spread out'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prasṛta+jala-cara)

• prasṛta – spread out, abundant, extended
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root sṛ (to flow, to spread) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• jala-cara – aquatic animal, moving in water
  noun (masculine)
  A tatpurusha compound 'moving in water'.

Note: Modifies an implied object like 'place' or 'water body'.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the cormorants (`madgavaḥ amī`).

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable past participle (absolutive) formed from the root viś (to enter) with prefix pra- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - repeatedly having entered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Repetition of the absolutive indicates repeated action.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Repetition indicates continuous or repeated action.

प्राक्-मृत-मत्स्यान् (prāk-mṛta-matsyān) - previously dead fish, already dead fish

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāk-mṛta-matsya

prāk-mṛta-matsya - fish that were dead before, previously dead fish

A tatpurusha compound meaning 'fish that are dead (mṛta) previously (prāk)'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāk+mṛta+matsya)

• prāk – before, previously, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• mṛta – dead, deceased, lifeless
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• matsya – fish
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the implied action of pecking/grasping by the cormorants.

प्रोत-चञ्चवः (prota-cañcavaḥ) - with beaks stuck (in them)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prota-cañcu

prota-cañcu - having a beak (cañcu) stuck/pierced (prota)

A bahuvrīhi compound describing the cormorants.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prota+cañcu)

• prota – pierced, stuck, strung, fixed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root ve (to weave, to pierce) with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: ve (class 1)
• cañcu – beak, bill (of a bird)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies 'ye' (the cormorants).

चतुरतर (caturatara) - exceedingly clever, more clever

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of caturatara

caturatara - more clever, exceedingly clever, more skillful

Comparative degree formed from catura (clever) with suffix -tara.

Note: Modifies 'ye' and 'vidagdhāḥ'.

परम् (param) - exceedingly, supremely, much

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to intensify 'jagdhavantaḥ'.

जग्धवन्तः (jagdhavantaḥ) - having eaten

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jagdhavat

jagdhavat - having eaten, devoured

Past Active Participle

Derived from the root ghas (to eat) or ad (to eat) with the past active participle suffix -vat.

Root: ghas (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ye' (the cormorants).

विदग्धाः (vidagdhāḥ) - clever, expert, skillful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidagdha

vidagdha - clever, expert, skillful, wise, sagacious

Past Passive Participle (used adjectivally)

Derived from the root dah (to burn) with prefix vi-, meaning 'burnt through', hence 'skilled' or 'clever'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ye' (the cormorants).

ते (te) - those (same ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, those

Note: Refers back to 'ye' (the cormorants).

केन (kena) - by whom, by what, by some (with 'api')

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative or indefinite)

Note: Forms an indefinite pronoun 'by someone/something' when combined with 'api'.

अपि (api) - even, also, some (with interrogative)

(indeclinable)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - by fate, by luck, fortunately/unfortunately

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of diṣṭi

diṣṭi - fate, destiny, luck, fortune

मृत-तिमि-गमिताः (mṛta-timi-gamitāḥ) - reduced to the state of dead whales, made like dead whales

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛta-timi-gamita

mṛta-timi-gamita - caused to become like dead whales/large fish

Past Passive Participle Compound

A complex compound: mṛta (dead) + timi (large fish/whale) + gamita (caused to go/brought to a state).

Compound type : tatpurusha/bahuvrihi (mṛta+timi+gamita)

• mṛta – dead, deceased, lifeless
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• timi – whale, large fish, sea monster
  noun (masculine)
• gamita – made to go, caused to reach, brought to a state
  participle
  Causative Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the causative stem of root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'te' (the cormorants).

काल-युक्ते (kāla-yukte) - at an opportune time, at the proper time, associated with time

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kāla-yukta

kāla-yukta - connected with time, opportune, appropriate for the time

A tatpurusha compound 'joined with time'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+yukta)

• kāla – time, period, proper time, death
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – joined, associated, connected, appropriate
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root yuj (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Used adverbially, indicating 'at the opportune time'.

महिम्ना (mahimnā) - by glory, by power, by greatness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahiman

mahiman - greatness, glory, power, majesty, might

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'ākrāmanti'.

आक्रामन्ति (ākrāmanti) - they do not attack, they do not approach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ākram

Present tense (laṭ) 3rd person plural form of the root kram (to step, go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: kram (class 1)

क्रम-स्थाः (krama-sthāḥ) - standing in their tracks, paralyzed, motionless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krama-stha

krama-stha - standing in one's place, stationary, rooted to the spot

A tatpurusha compound meaning 'standing (stha) in a step/place (krama)'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (krama+stha)

• krama – step, gait, order, sequence, course
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, dwelling in
  adjective
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'madgavaḥ amī'.

सु-हरम् (su-haram) - very easily caught, very easily carried away

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of su-hara

su-hara - easy to capture, easy to carry off

A compound with the prefix su- (good, easy) and hara (taking, carrying).

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+hara)

• su – good, well, easily, very (prefix)
  indeclinable
• hara – taking, seizing, carrying, removing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root hṛ (to take, carry).
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ākrāmanti', referring to implied 'prey'.

अपि (api) - even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the difficulty: 'not even easy prey'.

पुरः (puraḥ) - in front, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

पङ्गवः (paṅgavaḥ) - lame, crippled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paṅgu

paṅgu - lame, crippled, halt, impotent

Note: Modifies 'madgavaḥ amī'.

मद्गवः (madgavaḥ) - cormorants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madgu

madgu - cormorant, diver-bird, a kind of sea-bird

Note: Subject of the main clause.

अमी (amī) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adas

adas - that, this, these (demonstrative pronoun, usually referring to what is distant or pointed to)

Note: Demonstrative pronoun modifying 'madgavaḥ'.