योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-1

सहचरसहचर्यः क्रमेणोचुः ।
निर्गुणस्य बकस्यास्य गुण एकोऽस्ति दृश्यताम् ।
यत्प्रावृषं स्मारयति प्रावृट् प्रावृडिति ब्रुवन् ॥ १ ॥

sahacarasahacaryaḥ krameṇocuḥ ,
nirguṇasya bakasyāsya guṇa eko'sti dṛśyatām ,
yatprāvṛṣaṃ smārayati prāvṛṭ prāvṛḍiti bruvan 1

1. sahacara-sahacaryaḥ krameṇa ūcuḥ
nirguṇasya bakasya asya guṇa ekaḥ
asti dṛśyatām yat prāvṛṣam
smārayati prāvṛṭ prāvṛṭ iti bruvan

1. sahacara-sahacaryaḥ krameṇa ūcuḥ
asya nirguṇasya bakasya ekaḥ
guṇaḥ asti dṛśyatām yat prāvṛṭ prāvṛṭ
iti bruvan prāvṛṣam smārayati

1. The companions and their female counterparts spoke in turn: 'Observe this heron, which, though devoid of merits, possesses one quality: it reminds us of the rainy season by repeatedly uttering "rainy season, rainy season."'

Words meanings summery:

• सहचर-सहचर्यः (sahacara-sahacaryaḥ) - the male and female companions

• क्रमेण (krameṇa) - in turn, in order, successively

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke, they said

• निर्गुणस्य (nirguṇasya) - of the one without qualities, of the worthless one, devoid of merits

• बकस्य (bakasya) - of the heron, of the crane

• अस्य (asya) - of this

• गुण (guṇa) - quality, merit, attribute

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• दृश्यताम् (dṛśyatām) - let it be seen, let it be observed

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), which

• प्रावृषम् (prāvṛṣam) - the rainy season, the monsoon

• स्मारयति (smārayati) - causes to remember, reminds

• प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - the sound of the heron's cry (rainy season, monsoon)

• प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - the sound of the heron's cry (rainy season, monsoon)

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying (quotation marker)

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - saying, speaking

Words meanings and morphology

सहचर-सहचर्यः (sahacara-sahacaryaḥ) - the male and female companions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahacara-sahacarī

sahacara-sahacarī - male and female companions, associates

A dvandva (copulative) compound indicating both male and female companions.

Compound type : dvandva (sahacara+sahacarī)

• sahacara – companion, associate, follower (male)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sa- (with) + root car (to move).
  Prefix: sa
  Root: car (class 1)
• sahacarī – female companion, associate, partner
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of sahacara.
  Prefix: sa
  Root: car (class 1)

क्रमेण (krameṇa) - in turn, in order, successively

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krama

krama - order, sequence, turn, step, method

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person plural form of the root vac, which undergoes irregular strong stem formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

निर्गुणस्य (nirguṇasya) - of the one without qualities, of the worthless one, devoid of merits

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, devoid of merits, worthless, attributeless

A bahuvrīhi compound: nis- (without) + guṇa (quality/merit).

Note: Modifies 'bakasya'.

बकस्य (bakasya) - of the heron, of the crane

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of baka

baka - heron, crane, a deceitful person, a cheat

अस्य (asya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Modifies 'bakasya'.

गुण (guṇa) - quality, merit, attribute

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, merit, virtue, attribute, secondary quality

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'guṇaḥ'.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of as

Present tense (laṭ) 3rd person singular form of the root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

दृश्यताम् (dṛśyatām) - let it be seen, let it be observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative mood (loṭ) 3rd person singular, passive voice form of the root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), which

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a conjunction introducing the subordinate clause explaining the quality.

प्रावृषम् (prāvṛṣam) - the rainy season, the monsoon

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon, rain

Note: Object of 'smārayati'.

स्मारयति (smārayati) - causes to remember, reminds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of smṛ

Causative

Causative form (smārayati) of the root smṛ (to remember), meaning 'to cause to remember' or 'to remind'. Present tense (laṭ) 3rd person singular.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - the sound of the heron's cry (rainy season, monsoon)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon, rain

Note: Used as a direct quote, representing the sound made by the heron.

प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - the sound of the heron's cry (rainy season, monsoon)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon, rain

Note: Repetition for emphasis, representing the repeated sound made by the heron.

इति (iti) - thus, so saying (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - saying, speaking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - saying, speaking, uttering

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root brū (to speak, say) with the present participle suffix -at.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'baka' (heron).