योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-40, verse-13

बह्वाधयो दुःरवमया मोहद्वेषभयातुराः ।
तासां सम्यक्प्रवक्ष्यामि तावद्राजससात्त्विकीः ॥ १३ ॥

bahvādhayo duḥravamayā mohadveṣabhayāturāḥ ,
tāsāṃ samyakpravakṣyāmi tāvadrājasasāttvikīḥ 13

13. bahvādhayaḥ duḥkhamayāḥ mohadveṣabhayāturāḥ
tāsām samyak pravakṣyāmi tāvat rājasasāttvikīḥ

13. bahvādhayaḥ duḥkhamayāḥ mohadveṣabhayāturāḥ
tāvat tāsām rājasasāttvikīḥ samyak pravakṣyāmi

13. Many mental afflictions are characterized by suffering, and they are distressed by delusion, aversion, and fear. Among these (afflictions), I will now properly explain those which are rajasic and sattvic.

Words meanings summery:

• बह्वाधयः (bahvādhayaḥ) - many mental afflictions, numerous worries

• दुःखमयाः (duḥkhamayāḥ) - full of suffering, characterized by misery

• मोहद्वेषभयातुराः (mohadveṣabhayāturāḥ) - distressed by delusion, hatred/aversion, and fear

• तासाम् (tāsām) - referring to the ādhis (mental afflictions) (of them, among them)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, correctly, completely, well

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will describe

• तावत् (tāvat) - now, then, so much, thus

• राजससात्त्विकीः (rājasasāttvikīḥ) - referring to the categories of mental afflictions (ādhis) associated with rajas and sattva gunas. (the rajasic and sattvic ones)

Words meanings and morphology

बह्वाधयः (bahvādhayaḥ) - many mental afflictions, numerous worries

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahvādhi

bahvādhi - many mental afflictions, numerous worries

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+ādhi)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
• ādhi – mental pain, anxiety, worry, affliction
  noun (feminine)

Note: Feminine ādhi when compounded with bahu and forming a masculine plural nominative.

दुःखमयाः (duḥkhamayāḥ) - full of suffering, characterized by misery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhamaya

duḥkhamaya - full of suffering, consisting of misery

Derived from duḥkha (suffering) + maya (full of).

Note: Agrees with bahvādhayaḥ.

मोहद्वेषभयातुराः (mohadveṣabhayāturāḥ) - distressed by delusion, hatred/aversion, and fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mohadveṣabhayātura

mohadveṣabhayātura - distressed by delusion, hatred, and fear

Compound formed from moha (delusion), dveṣa (hatred), bhaya (fear) and ātura (distressed, afflicted).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (moha+dveṣa+bhaya+ātura)

• moha – delusion, infatuation, confusion
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root muh (to be bewildered).
  Root: muh (class 4)
• dveṣa – hatred, aversion, malice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dviṣ (to hate).
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)
• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ātura – distressed, afflicted, sick
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with bahvādhayaḥ.

तासाम् (tāsām) - referring to the ādhis (mental afflictions) (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Feminine genitive plural, referring to ādhis which are feminine in base form, bahvādhi being a compound.

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, correctly, completely, well

(indeclinable)

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 1)

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will explain, I will describe

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future tense, first person singular, active voice.

Derived from root vac with prefix pra. kṣya is the sign for future.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

तावत् (tāvat) - now, then, so much, thus

(indeclinable)

राजससात्त्विकीः (rājasasāttvikīḥ) - referring to the categories of mental afflictions (ādhis) associated with rajas and sattva gunas. (the rajasic and sattvic ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of rājasasāttvikī

rājasasāttvikī - consisting of rajas and sattva (feminine form)

Compound of rājasī (rajasic) and sāttvikī (sattvic), used here in plural accusative feminine.

Compound type : dvandva (rājasī+sāttvikī)

• rājasī – rajasic, pertaining to rajas
  adjective (feminine)
  Derived from rajas (passion, activity).
• sāttvikī – sattvic, pertaining to sattva
  adjective (feminine)
  Derived from sattva (purity, goodness).

Note: Functions as a substantive here (the rajasic and sattvic ones), agreeing with the implicit ādhis.

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