योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-40, verse-2

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
उत्पद्यन्ते यथा चित्रा ब्रह्मणो भूतजातयः ।
यथा नाशं प्रयान्त्येता यथा मुक्ता भवन्ति हि ॥ २ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
utpadyante yathā citrā brahmaṇo bhūtajātayaḥ ,
yathā nāśaṃ prayāntyetā yathā muktā bhavanti hi 2

2. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca utpadyante yathā citrāḥ brahmaṇaḥ
bhūtajātayaḥ yathā nāśam prayānti etāḥ yathā muktāḥ bhavanti hi

2. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca yathā citrāḥ bhūtajātayaḥ brahmaṇaḥ
utpadyante yathā etāḥ nāśam prayānti yathā hi muktāḥ bhavanti

2. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: How the diverse categories of beings originate from the ultimate reality (brahman), how these attain destruction, and how indeed they become liberated (mokṣa)—

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Śrī Vasiṣṭha (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उत्पद्यन्ते (utpadyante) - they originate, they arise

• यथा (yathā) - how, just as

• चित्राः (citrāḥ) - diverse, variegated, wonderful

• ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - from brahman

• भूतजातयः (bhūtajātayaḥ) - categories of beings, types of creatures

• नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin

• प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go towards, they attain

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• मुक्ताः (muktāḥ) - liberated, released

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Śrī Vasiṣṭha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - an epithet of Vasiṣṭha, a revered Vedic sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – splendor, prosperity, auspiciousness
  noun (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – Vasiṣṭha (a proper name), most excellent, best
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (Lit)

root √vac, 3rd person singular active perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्पद्यन्ते (utpadyante) - they originate, they arise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of utpad

Present tense (Laṭ)

root √pad with prefix ut, 3rd person plural middle present

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The middle voice indicates the action is for oneself or reflexive.

यथा (yathā) - how, just as

(indeclinable)

चित्राः (citrāḥ) - diverse, variegated, wonderful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of citra

citra - bright, clear, variegated, diverse, wonderful, strange

Note: Feminine plural nominative agreeing with bhūtajātayaḥ.

ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - from brahman

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - ultimate reality, the Absolute; sacred utterance, hymn

from √bṛh (to grow, expand)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Used here in the ablative case to indicate the source or origin.

भूतजातयः (bhūtajātayaḥ) - categories of beings, types of creatures

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhūtajāti

bhūtajāti - a class of beings, a species of creature

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūta+jāti)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• jāti – birth, origin, species, class, type
  noun (feminine)
  from √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāśa

nāśa - destruction, disappearance, ruin

from √naś (to perish)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Object of 'prayānti'.

प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go towards, they attain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prayā

Present tense (Laṭ)

root √yā with prefix pra, 3rd person plural active present

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Feminine plural nominative agreeing with bhūtajātayaḥ.

मुक्ताः (muktāḥ) - liberated, released

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mukta

mukta - released, set free, liberated, delivered

Past Passive Participle

from √muc (to release, to free)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Feminine plural nominative agreeing with bhūtajātayaḥ.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense (Laṭ)

root √bhū, 3rd person plural active present

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.