योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-40, verse-33

असत्यैव विकल्पोक्तिः सत्यभावो विकल्पते ।
तमोपहतदृष्टित्वाद्द्विचन्द्रज्ञानदोषवत् ॥ ३३ ॥

asatyaiva vikalpoktiḥ satyabhāvo vikalpate ,
tamopahatadṛṣṭitvāddvicandrajñānadoṣavat 33

33. asatyā eva vikalpa-uktiḥ satya-bhāvaḥ vikalpate
tama-upahata-dṛṣṭitvāt dvi-candra-jñāna-doṣa-vat

33. vikalpa-uktiḥ asatyā eva satya-bhāvaḥ vikalpate
tama-upahata-dṛṣṭitvāt dvi-candra-jñāna-doṣa-vat

33. The very assertion of mental constructs (vikalpa) is unreal; it is the true nature that is conceived as such. This occurs due to vision obscured by ignorance (tamas), just like the flaw of perceiving two moons.

33. הדיבור הרעיוני אינו אמת, אך הקיום הממשי מצטייר דרכו בגלל ראייה שנפגמה בחשיכה, בדומה לליקוי של ראיית שני ירחים.

Words meanings summery:

• असत्या (asatyā) - unreal, false, non-existent

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

• विकल्प-उक्तिः (vikalpa-uktiḥ) - assertion of mental constructs (statement of mental construct, expression of doubt, assertion of duality)

• सत्य-भावः (satya-bhāvaḥ) - true nature, real state, true existence

• विकल्पते (vikalpate) - is conceptualized as such (is conceptualized, is imagined, is differentiated, is subject to doubt)

• तम-उपहत-दृष्टित्वात् (tama-upahata-dṛṣṭitvāt) - due to vision obscured by ignorance (tamas) (due to the state of having vision impaired by darkness/ignorance)

• द्वि-चन्द्र-ज्ञान-दोष-वत् (dvi-candra-jñāna-doṣa-vat) - just like the flaw of perceiving two moons (like the defect of knowing/seeing two moons)

Words meanings and morphology

असत्या (asatyā) - unreal, false, non-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asatya

asatya - unreal, false, non-existent

Derived from 'satya' (real, true) with the negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+satya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• satya – true, real, existent
  adjective
  From 'sat' (being, existence)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vikalpa-uktiḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

विकल्प-उक्तिः (vikalpa-uktiḥ) - assertion of mental constructs (statement of mental construct, expression of doubt, assertion of duality)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vikalpa-ukti

vikalpa-ukti - statement of mental construct/doubt/duality

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vikalpa+ukti)

• vikalpa – mental construct, differentiation, doubt, alternative
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kḷp' (to form, to arrange) with 'vi-' prefix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• ukti – statement, speech, expression
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vac' (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

सत्य-भावः (satya-bhāvaḥ) - true nature, real state, true existence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satya-bhāva

satya-bhāva - true nature, real state, true existence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satya+bhāva)

• satya – true, real, existent
  adjective
  From 'sat' (being, existence)
  Root: as (class 2)
• bhāva – state, nature, existence, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhū' (to be, exist).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vikalpate'.

विकल्पते (vikalpate) - is conceptualized as such (is conceptualized, is imagined, is differentiated, is subject to doubt)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vikalp

Root 'kḷp' with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: kḷp (class 1)

तम-उपहत-दृष्टित्वात् (tama-upahata-dṛṣṭitvāt) - due to vision obscured by ignorance (tamas) (due to the state of having vision impaired by darkness/ignorance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tama-upahata-dṛṣṭitva

tama-upahata-dṛṣṭitva - state of having vision impaired by darkness/ignorance

Derived from 'tama-upahata-dṛṣṭi' (one whose vision is impaired by darkness) with suffix '-tva' (abstract noun).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tamas+upahata+dṛṣṭi+tva)

• tamas – darkness, ignorance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tam (class 4)
• upahata – impaired, struck, injured, obscured
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, injure) with prefix 'upa-'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)
• dṛṣṭi – vision, sight, perception
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• tva – -ness, -hood, state of being
  suffix (neuter)
  Primary suffix 'tva' forming abstract neuter nouns.

Note: Indicates cause.

द्वि-चन्द्र-ज्ञान-दोष-वत् (dvi-candra-jñāna-doṣa-vat) - just like the flaw of perceiving two moons (like the defect of knowing/seeing two moons)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix 'vat' (like, similar to).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+candra+jñāna+doṣa+vat)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
  Root: cand (class 1)
• jñāna – knowledge, perception
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• doṣa – defect, fault, error
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'duṣ' (to be bad).
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• vat – like, similar to
  indeclinable
  Taddhita suffix.

Note: Expresses comparison.

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