योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-102, verse-30

असदेवेदमारम्भमन्थरं सदिवोत्थितम् ।
 कल्पितं जगदाभोगि दीर्घस्वप्न इवैतया ॥ ३० ॥

asadevedamārambhamantharaṃ sadivotthitam ,
 kalpitaṃ jagadābhogi dīrghasvapna ivaitayā 30

30. asat eva idam ārambhamantharam sat iva utthitam
kalpitam jagat ābhogi dīrghasvapnaḥ iva etayā

30. etayā dīrghasvapnaḥ iva,
idam asat eva ārambhamantharam sat iva utthitam,
ābhogi jagat kalpitam

30. This (world), though essentially non-existent (asat), begins sluggishly and then arises as if real. This expansive world (jagat) is merely imagined by this (nescience), like a long dream.

Words meanings summery:

• असत् (asat) - Describes the ultimate unreality of the world, despite its appearance. (non-existent, unreal, false, untrue)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the non-existent nature of the world. (only, just, indeed, very)

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the world (jagat) being discussed. (this (neuter, nominative, singular))

• आरम्भमन्थरम् (ārambhamantharam) - Describes the world as initially slow or hesitant in its manifestation. (sluggish in its inception, slow to begin)

• सत् (sat) - Describes the world's appearance, contrasting with its true 'asat' nature. (real, existent, true, good)

• इव (iva) - Indicates that the world only appears real, but is not actually so. (as if, like, as)

• उत्थितम् (utthitam) - The world has arisen or manifested. (arisen, emerged, risen, standing up)

• कल्पितम् (kalpitam) - The world is not actually real but a mental construct. (imagined, conceptualized, created)

• जगत् (jagat) - Refers to the entire manifested world or phenomenal existence. (world, universe, moving)

• आभोगि (ābhogi) - Describes the world as vast, all-encompassing, or full of experiences. (expansive, widespread, enjoying, consuming)

• दीर्घस्वप्नः (dīrghasvapnaḥ) - Serves as a direct comparison for the imagined world, highlighting its transient and illusory nature. (a long dream)

• इव (iva) - Indicates similarity; the world is like a long dream. (as if, like, as)

• एतया (etayā) - Refers to the mental power (śakti) or nescience (avidyā) as the agent of imagination. (by this (feminine, instrumental, singular))

Words meanings and morphology

असत् (asat) - Describes the ultimate unreality of the world, despite its appearance. (non-existent, unreal, false, untrue)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad, untruth

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'sat' (existent)

Note: Term to be bracketed in translation. Qualifies 'idam'.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the non-existent nature of the world. (only, just, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the world (jagat) being discussed. (this (neuter, nominative, singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Subject of the sentence.

आरम्भमन्थरम् (ārambhamantharam) - Describes the world as initially slow or hesitant in its manifestation. (sluggish in its inception, slow to begin)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārambhamanthara

ārambhamanthara - slow in beginning, sluggish at the outset, having a slow commencement

Compound 'ārambha' (beginning) + 'manthara' (slow)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārambha+manthara)

• ārambha – beginning, undertaking, enterprise, commencement
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix 'ā-' + root 'rabh' (to begin) + 'a' suffix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: rabh (class 1)
• manthara – slow, sluggish, dull, lazy, gentle
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'idam'.

सत् (sat) - Describes the world's appearance, contrasting with its true 'asat' nature. (real, existent, true, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, true, good, being, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Root 'as' (to be) + 'śatṛ' suffix

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective, modifying 'idam'.

इव (iva) - Indicates that the world only appears real, but is not actually so. (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

उत्थितम् (utthitam) - The world has arisen or manifested. (arisen, emerged, risen, standing up)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utthita

utthita - arisen, emerged, risen, standing up, produced, appeared

Past Passive Participle

Prefix 'ud-' (out, up) + root 'sthā' (to stand), 'd' becomes 't' before 's', 's' assimilates to 'th'

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'idam'.

कल्पितम् (kalpitam) - The world is not actually real but a mental construct. (imagined, conceptualized, created)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kalpita

kalpita - imagined, conceptualized, created, fabricated, arranged, supposed

Past Passive Participle

Root 'kḷp' (to arrange, imagine, produce) + 'kta' suffix

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'jagat'.

जगत् (jagat) - Refers to the entire manifested world or phenomenal existence. (world, universe, moving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, alive, terrestrial

Root 'gam' (to go) + 'at' suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'kalpitam'.

आभोगि (ābhogi) - Describes the world as vast, all-encompassing, or full of experiences. (expansive, widespread, enjoying, consuming)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ābhogin

ābhogin - enjoying, consuming, widespread, extensive, full of pleasure, covering

Prefix 'ā-' + root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, to eat) + 'in' suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'jagat'.

दीर्घस्वप्नः (dīrghasvapnaḥ) - Serves as a direct comparison for the imagined world, highlighting its transient and illusory nature. (a long dream)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghasvapna

dīrghasvapna - long dream, prolonged sleep

Compound 'dīrgha' (long) + 'svapna' (dream)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dīrgha+svapna)

• dīrgha – long, lengthy, extended, deep
  adjective (masculine)
• svapna – dream, sleep, delusion, illusion
  noun (masculine)
  Root 'svap' (to sleep) + 'na' suffix
  Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Used in comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - Indicates similarity; the world is like a long dream. (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

एतया (etayā) - Refers to the mental power (śakti) or nescience (avidyā) as the agent of imagination. (by this (feminine, instrumental, singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Agent of the action of 'kalpitam'.

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