योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-102, verse-4

एकस्मिन्नेव सर्वस्मिन्स्थिते परमवस्तुनि ।
कुतः कोऽयमहं नाम कथं नाम किलोदितः ॥ ४ ॥

ekasminneva sarvasminsthite paramavastuni ,
kutaḥ ko'yamahaṃ nāma kathaṃ nāma kiloditaḥ 4

4. ekasmin eva sarvasmin sthite paramavastuni | kutaḥ
kaḥ ayam aham nāma katham nāma kila uditaḥ ||

4. ekasmin eva sarvasmin paramavastuni sthite ayam
aham nāma kutaḥ kaḥ? katham nāma kila uditaḥ?

4. When the supreme reality (paramavastu) alone is established as the single, all-encompassing entity, from where does this 'I' (aham) by name originate, and how, indeed, is it said to have arisen?

Words meanings summery:

• एकस्मिन् (ekasmin) - in the singular, unique (referring to paramavastu) (in the one, in the single)

• एव (eva) - only, alone (indeed, only, just)

• सर्वस्मिन् (sarvasmin) - in the all-encompassing (referring to paramavastu) (in all, in everything)

• स्थिते (sthite) - being established, existing (as the fundamental reality) (being established, existing, standing)

• परमवस्तुनि (paramavastuni) - in the ultimate, supreme reality (paramavastu) (in the supreme reality, in the highest substance)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from what source? (from where, whence)

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (interrogative pronoun) (who, what)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the 'I' or ego) (this, this one)

• अहम् (aham) - the ego (ahaṅkāra), the sense of 'I' (I, myself)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, as it is called (by name, indeed, it is said)

• कथम् (katham) - in what way, by what means? (how, in what manner)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, really (by name, indeed, it is said)

• किल (kila) - it is reported, they say (indeed, it is said, verily)

• उदितः (uditaḥ) - arisen, manifested (arisen, risen, said, spoken)

Words meanings and morphology

एकस्मिन् (ekasmin) - in the singular, unique (referring to paramavastu) (in the one, in the single)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, sole

Note: Agrees with `paramavastuni`.

एव (eva) - only, alone (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

सर्वस्मिन् (sarvasmin) - in the all-encompassing (referring to paramavastu) (in all, in everything)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with `paramavastuni`.

स्थिते (sthite) - being established, existing (as the fundamental reality) (being established, existing, standing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, firm, established

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `paramavastuni`.

परमवस्तुनि (paramavastuni) - in the ultimate, supreme reality (paramavastu) (in the supreme reality, in the highest substance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of paramavastu

paramavastu - supreme reality, ultimate substance, highest truth

Compound type : tatpurusha (parama+vastu)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• vastu – thing, substance, object, reality, true state
  noun (neuter)

Note: The locative suffix for neuter nouns ending in -u is -uni.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from what source? (from where, whence)

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses origin or cause.

कः (kaḥ) - who? (interrogative pronoun) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the 'I' or ego) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

अहम् (aham) - the ego (ahaṅkāra), the sense of 'I' (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: First person singular pronoun. Here it refers to the conceptual 'I' or ego.

नाम (nāma) - by name, as it is called (by name, indeed, it is said)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an emphatic particle or to indicate "so-called."

कथम् (katham) - in what way, by what means? (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, really (by name, indeed, it is said)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an emphatic particle.

किल (kila) - it is reported, they say (indeed, it is said, verily)

(indeclinable)

उदितः (uditaḥ) - arisen, manifested (arisen, risen, said, spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, arisen, appeared, spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

from root vad (to speak) with prefix ud-, or from root i (to go) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `ayam aham`.

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