वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-89, verse-6

भ्रातरं निहतं दृष्ट्वा रावणेन दुरात्मना ।
परं विषादमापन्नो विललापाकुलेन्द्रियः ॥६॥

6. bhrātaraṃ nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā rāvaṇena durātmanā ,
paraṃ viṣādamāpanno vilalāpākulendriyaḥ.

6. bhrātaram nihatam dṛṣṭvā rāvaṇena durātmanā
param viṣādam āpannaḥ vilalāpa ākulendriyaḥ

6. rāvaṇena durātmanā nihatam bhrātaram dṛṣṭvā,
param viṣādam āpannaḥ,
ākulendriyaḥ vilalāpa.

6. Having seen his brother slain by the evil-minded Rāvaṇa, he fell into great despondency and lamented with agitated senses.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - (his) brother (brother)

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed (slain, killed, struck down)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

• दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the evil-minded (Rāvaṇa) (by the evil-minded one, by the wicked one)

• परम् (param) - great, extreme (supreme, highest, great, excellent)

• विषादम् (viṣādam) - great despondency (despondency, dejection, sorrow)

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - fallen into, attained (despondency) (reached, attained, fallen into)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed (lamented, wept)

• आकुलेन्द्रियः (ākulendriyaḥ) - with agitated senses (having agitated senses, with disturbed faculties)

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - (his) brother (brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed (slain, killed, struck down)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From ni-han (to strike down, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with bhrātaram.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root dṛś- 'to see'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates completion of the action before the main verb.

रावणेन (rāvaṇena) - by Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā)

Note: Agent of the action 'nihatam'.

दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the evil-minded (Rāvaṇa) (by the evil-minded one, by the wicked one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious

Compound of dur- (bad) and ātman (self, soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rāvaṇena.

परम् (param) - great, extreme (supreme, highest, great, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, beyond, supreme, highest, great, excellent

Note: Agrees with viṣādam.

विषादम् (viṣādam) - great despondency (despondency, dejection, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - despondency, dejection, sorrow, depression

From vi-sad (to sink down, be dejected)

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - fallen into, attained (despondency) (reached, attained, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, obtained, reached, fallen into, met with

Past Passive Participle

From ā-pad (to obtain, reach)

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the subject (unspecified, but implied to be Rāma).

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed (lamented, wept)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vilap

Perfect Active Indicative

From vi-lap (to lament), Class 1, Parasmaipada, Reduplicated Perfect

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second half of the verse.

आकुलेन्द्रियः (ākulendriyaḥ) - with agitated senses (having agitated senses, with disturbed faculties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākulendriya

ākulendriya - having agitated senses, with disturbed faculties

Compound of ākula (agitated) and indriya (sense organ)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ākula+indriya)

• ākula – agitated, confused, disturbed, full of
  adjective (masculine)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the subject (Rāma) as he laments.