वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-89, verse-31

न प्रतिज्ञां हि कुर्वन्ति वितथां साधवो ऽनघ ।
लक्षणं हि महत्त्वस्य प्रतिज्ञापरिपालनम् ॥३१॥

31. na pratijñāṃ hi kurvanti vitathāṃ sādhavo'nagha ,
lakṣaṇaṃ hi mahattvasya pratijñāparipālanam.

31. na pratijñām hi kurvanti vitathām sādhavaḥ anagha
lakṣaṇam hi mahattvasya pratijñā-paripālanam

31. anagha sādhavaḥ hi vitathām pratijñām na kurvanti.
hi mahattvasya lakṣaṇam pratijñā-paripālanam

31. Indeed, good men do not make a false vow, O sinless one. For the mark of greatness is the fulfillment of one's vow.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - vow, promise, assertion

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make

• वितथाम् (vitathām) - a false (vow) (false, untrue, fruitless (accusative feminine singular))

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good men, virtuous people

• अनघ (anagha) - Vocative address to Rāma (O sinless one!)

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - mark, sign, characteristic

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• महत्त्वस्य (mahattvasya) - of greatness, of importance

• प्रतिज्ञा-परिपालनम् (pratijñā-paripālanam) - the fulfillment of a vow

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - vow, promise, assertion

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - vow, promise, agreement, assertion

Derived from root jñā- (to know) with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Active

Root kṛ-, class 8, plural, 3rd person

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वितथाम् (vitathām) - a false (vow) (false, untrue, fruitless (accusative feminine singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vitatha

vitatha - false, untrue, fruitless, vain, unsuccessful

Derived from vi- (negation/separation) + tatha (true/real)

Compound type : prāditatpuruṣa (vi+tatha)

• vi – apart, asunder, away, without (prefix)
  prefix
• tatha – true, real, so, thus
  adjective

Note: Agrees with pratijñām.

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good men, virtuous people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, saint

Derived from root sādh- (to accomplish)

Root: sādh (class 5)

अनघ (anagha) - Vocative address to Rāma (O sinless one!)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, pure, faultless, innocent

Derived from a- (not) + nagha (sin)

Compound type : nan-tatpurusha (a+nāgha)

• a – not, non-, un- (privative prefix)
  prefix
• nāgha – sin, offence, fault
  noun (masculine)

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - mark, sign, characteristic

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, attribute, definition

Derived from root lakṣ- (to perceive, to mark)

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

महत्त्वस्य (mahattvasya) - of greatness, of importance

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of mahattva

mahattva - greatness, importance, dignity, majesty

Derived from mahat (great) + -tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahat+tva)

• mahat – great, large, noble
  adjective
• tva – state, nature, quality (suffix)
  suffix (neuter)

प्रतिज्ञा-परिपालनम् (pratijñā-paripālanam) - the fulfillment of a vow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratijñāparipālana

pratijñāparipālana - fulfillment of a vow

Compound type : şaşţhī-tatpuruşa (pratijñā+paripālana)

• pratijñā – vow, promise
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• paripālana – protection, preservation, fulfillment
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root pāl- (to protect) with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: pāl (class 10)