वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-52, verse-4

स्थानं वृद्धिं च हानिं च देशकालविभागवित् ।
आत्मनश्च परेषां च बुध्यते राक्षसर्षभ ॥४॥

4. sthānaṃ vṛddhiṃ ca hāniṃ ca deśakālavibhāgavit ,
ātmanaśca pareṣāṃ ca budhyate rākṣasarṣabha.

4. sthānam vṛddhim ca hānim ca deśa-kāla-vibhāga-vit
ātmanaḥ ca pareṣām ca budhyate rākṣasa-ṛṣabha

4. rākṣasa-ṛṣabha,
deśa-kāla-vibhāga-vit (saḥ rājā) ātmanaḥ ca pareṣām ca sthānam vṛddhim ca hānim ca budhyate

4. O bull among the rākṣasas (demons), that one (the king), who is knowledgeable about the divisions of place and time, understands the stability, growth, and decline of both himself and others.

Words meanings summery:

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - state of stability (position, place, stability)

• वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, increase, prosperity

• च (ca) - and

• हानिम् (hānim) - loss, decrease, decline

• च (ca) - and

• देश-काल-विभाग-वित् (deśa-kāla-vibhāga-vit) - one who knows the distinctions of place and time

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself (of oneself, of the (supreme) self (ātman))

• च (ca) - and

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others

• च (ca) - and

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands, he knows

• राक्षस-ऋषभ (rākṣasa-ṛṣabha) - O bull among the rākṣasas (addressed to Kumbhakarna or referring to Ravana) (O bull among the rākṣasas, O best of rākṣasas)

Words meanings and morphology

स्थानम् (sthānam) - state of stability (position, place, stability)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - standing, position, place, stability, condition

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of budhyate.

वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, increase, prosperity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of budhyate.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects sthānam and vṛddhim.

हानिम् (hānim) - loss, decrease, decline

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hāni

hāni - loss, decrease, decline, injury

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Object of budhyate.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

देश-काल-विभाग-वित् (deśa-kāla-vibhāga-vit) - one who knows the distinctions of place and time

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa-kāla-vibhāga-vit

deśa-kāla-vibhāga-vit - knowledgeable about the distinctions of place and time

Compound type : tatpurusha (deśa+kāla+vibhāga+vit)

• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)
• vibhāga – division, distinction, separation
  noun (masculine)
• vit – knowing, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/participial
  Derived from root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implied subject of budhyate (the king).

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself (of oneself, of the (supreme) self (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, supreme self, essence, vital breath

Note: Modifies sthānam, vṛddhim, hānim.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, stranger

Note: Modifies sthānam, vṛddhim, hānim.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands, he knows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of budh

Root of class 1, present tense, ātmanepada.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is the king from the previous verse.

राक्षस-ऋषभ (rākṣasa-ṛṣabha) - O bull among the rākṣasas (addressed to Kumbhakarna or referring to Ravana) (O bull among the rākṣasas, O best of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa-ṛṣabha

rākṣasa-ṛṣabha - bull among rākṣasas, best/chief of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+ṛṣabha)

• rākṣasa – a demon, an evil being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)