वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-52, verse-10

तत्र कॢप्तमिदं राज्ञा हृदि कार्यं मतं च नः ।
शत्रौ हि साहसं यत् स्यात् किमिवात्रापनीयते ॥१०॥

10. tatra kḷptamidaṃ rājñā hṛdi kāryaṃ mataṃ ca naḥ ,
śatrau hi sāhasaṃ yat syāt kimivātrāpanīyate.

10. tatra kḷptam idam rājñā hṛdi kāryam matam ca naḥ
śatrau hi sāhasam yat syāt kim iva atra apanīyate

10. tatra rājñā idam kḷptam hṛdi kāryam ca naḥ matam.
hi śatrau yat sāhasam syāt,
atra kim iva apanīyate?

10. Therefore, this plan, formulated by the king, should be kept in mind, and it is also our opinion. For when there is courage against an enemy, what can possibly be averted here?

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in this regard, therefore (there, in that matter, therefore)

• कॢप्तम् (kḷptam) - decided, formulated (arranged, prepared, fixed, determined, planned)

• इदम् (idam) - this (plan/action) (this, this one)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in mind, deeply (in the heart, in the mind)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be kept in mind, to be done (to be done, duty, action, matter)

• मतम् (matam) - opinion, view (opinion, view, thought, approved)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

• नः (naḥ) - our (us, our, to us)

• शत्रौ (śatrau) - against an enemy (against an enemy, in an enemy)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because)

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - courage, boldness (audacity, boldness, valor, violence)

• यत् (yat) - when (used adverbially in a conditional sense) (which, what (relative pronoun))

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, there is (may be, should be, would be)

• किम् (kim) - what (what?, why?, how?)

• इव (iva) - indeed, just (emphatic particle) (like, as, as it were)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this situation (here, in this place, in this matter)

• अपनीयते (apanīyate) - can be averted, can be taken away (is removed, is averted, is taken away)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in this regard, therefore (there, in that matter, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + traL suffix.

Note: Connects to the previous idea.

कॢप्तम् (kḷptam) - decided, formulated (arranged, prepared, fixed, determined, planned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kḷpta

kḷpta - arranged, prepared, fixed, settled, determined, suitable, planned

past passive participle

Root kḷp (to arrange, to make, to plan) + kta suffix.

Root: kḷp (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective, referring to the idam (this plan/action).

इदम् (idam) - this (plan/action) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (neuter demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of the first clause, referring to 'this (plan)'.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent of kḷptam.

हृदि (hṛdi) - in mind, deeply (in the heart, in the mind)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, core

Note: Used idiomatically with kāryam to mean 'to be kept in mind' or 'to be resolved in mind'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be kept in mind, to be done (to be done, duty, action, matter)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, duty, business, action

gerundive (future passive participle)

Root kṛ (to do) + -ya suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Referring to idam.

मतम् (matam) - opinion, view (opinion, view, thought, approved)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - opinion, view, thought, belief, approved, intended

past passive participle

Root man (to think) + kta suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Predicate, 'it is (our) opinion'.

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects kāryam and matam.

नः (naḥ) - our (us, our, to us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form of asmad.

Note: Genitive of asmad.

शत्रौ (śatrau) - against an enemy (against an enemy, in an enemy)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śat (class 10)

Note: Locative of śatru.

हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

साहसम् (sāhasam) - courage, boldness (audacity, boldness, valor, violence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - audacity, boldness, valor, rashness, violence

Derived from sahas (force, power).

Note: Subject of syāt.

यत् (yat) - when (used adverbially in a conditional sense) (which, what (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Acts as the subject of syāt when sāhasam is predicate, or refers to a general 'that which is'. In this context, it effectively functions as 'when there is'.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, there is (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative

Root as (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used in a conditional clause.

किम् (kim) - what (what?, why?, how?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Note: Subject of apanīyate.

इव (iva) - indeed, just (emphatic particle) (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this situation (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Derived from idam (this) + traL suffix.

Note: Refers to the current situation of facing an enemy.

अपनीयते (apanīyate) - can be averted, can be taken away (is removed, is averted, is taken away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of apanī

present passive

Root nī (1st class, Parasmaipada) + upasarga apa (away) + ya + te

Prefix: apa

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Rhetorical question.