वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-52, verse-19

एवमुक्त्वा तु संरब्धं कुम्भकर्णं महोदरः ।
उवाच रक्षसां मध्ये रावणो लोकरावणम् ॥१९॥

19. evamuktvā tu saṃrabdhaṃ kumbhakarṇaṃ mahodaraḥ ,
uvāca rakṣasāṃ madhye rāvaṇo lokarāvaṇam.

19. evam uktvā tu saṃrabdham kumbhakarṇam mahodaraḥ
| uvāca rakṣasām madhye rāvaṇam lokarāvaṇam

19. mahodaraḥ evam uktvā tu,
rakṣasām madhye saṃrabdham kumbhakarṇam lokarāvaṇam rāvaṇam uvāca

19. Having thus spoken, Mahodara then addressed the enraged Kumbhakarna and Rāvaṇa, the tormentor of the worlds, amidst the rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, then

• संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged, highly agitated, furious

• कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - the Rākṣasa warrior Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna)

• महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - the Rākṣasa minister Mahodara (Mahodara)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the rākṣasas (demons)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - the Rākṣasa king Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

• लोकरावणम् (lokarāvaṇam) - epithet for Rāvaṇa (tormentor of the worlds, making people cry/groan)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged, highly agitated, furious

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃrabdha

saṁrabdha - enraged, furious, agitated, excited

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - the Rākṣasa warrior Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (name of Rāvaṇa's brother)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

महोदरः (mahodaraḥ) - the Rākṣasa minister Mahodara (Mahodara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - Mahodara (name of a rākṣasa), one with a big belly

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (maha+udara)

• maha – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - rākṣasa, demon, evil spirit

मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially as a locative.

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - the Rākṣasa king Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the king of rākṣasas)

Note: Interpreted as accusative (Rāvaṇam) for grammatical consistency with `lokarāvaṇam` and the context of the speaker addressing him, despite appearing as nominative (Rāvaṇaḥ) in Devanagari due to sandhi.

लोकरावणम् (lokarāvaṇam) - epithet for Rāvaṇa (tormentor of the worlds, making people cry/groan)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lokarāvaṇa

lokarāvaṇa - tormentor of the worlds, causing the worlds to cry/groan

Agent noun from root ru (to cry out/roar) with loka as object.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (loka+rāvaṇa)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• rāvaṇa – making a roar, causing to cry
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Root: ru (class 2)

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