वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-28, verse-13

युक्तः परमसंविग्नो राक्षसैर्बहुभिर्वृतः ।
उत्तरं नगरद्वारं रावणः स्वयमास्थितः ॥१३॥

13. yuktaḥ paramasaṃvigno rākṣasairbahubhirvṛtaḥ ,
uttaraṃ nagaradvāraṃ rāvaṇaḥ svayamāsthitaḥ.

13. yuktaḥ parama-saṃvignaḥ rākṣasaiḥ bahubhiḥ vṛtaḥ
uttaram nagaradvāram rāvaṇaḥ svayam āsthitaḥ

13. rāvaṇaḥ svayam yuktaḥ parama-saṃvignaḥ bahubhiḥ
rākṣasaiḥ vṛtaḥ uttaram nagaradvāram āsthitaḥ

13. Ravana himself, greatly agitated and surrounded by many demons (rākṣasa), took up position at the northern city gate.

Words meanings summery:

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - prepared, positioned (engaged, prepared, yoked, endowed with)

• परम-संविग्नः (parama-saṁvignaḥ) - greatly agitated (greatly agitated, extremely distressed)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by demons (by demons, by rākṣasa)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed)

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern (northern, upper, subsequent, later, answer)

• नगरद्वारम् (nagaradvāram) - city gate

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper noun))

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, himself, by oneself)

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - took up position (stood, positioned, occupied, resorted to)

Words meanings and morphology

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - prepared, positioned (engaged, prepared, yoked, endowed with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, engaged, prepared, endowed with, united, proper

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to join, connect, engage) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: yuj (class 7)

परम-संविग्नः (parama-saṁvignaḥ) - greatly agitated (greatly agitated, extremely distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-saṃvigna

parama-saṁvigna - greatly agitated, extremely distressed

Compound: 'parama' (supreme, highest) + 'saṃvigna' (agitated, distressed).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+saṃvigna)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate, greatest
  adjective
• saṃvigna – agitated, distressed, troubled, frightened
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vij' (to tremble, fear) with prefix 'sam' and suffix 'kta'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vij (class 6)

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by demons (by demons, by rākṣasa)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rākṣasa (a class of mythological beings, often malevolent)

Derived from 'rakṣas'.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed, occurred

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, surround, choose) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern (northern, upper, subsequent, later, answer)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - upper, northern, later, subsequent, superior, an answer

नगरद्वारम् (nagaradvāram) - city gate

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagaradvāra

nagaradvāra - city gate

Compound: 'nagara' (city) + 'dvāra' (gate).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nagara+dvāra)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• dvāra – door, gate, entrance
  noun (neuter)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the king of Lanka, chief antagonist in the Ramayana)

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, himself, by oneself)

(indeclinable)

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - took up position (stood, positioned, occupied, resorted to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - stood, situated, positioned, occupied, resorted to, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: This Past Passive Participle functions as the main verb here (implied 'is').

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