वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-111, verse-28

एषा त्रिपथगा गङ्गा दृश्यते वरवर्णिनि ।
शृङ्गवेरपुरं चैतद्गुहो यत्र समागतः ॥२८॥

28. eṣā tripathagā gaṅgā dṛśyate varavarṇini ,
śṛṅgaverapuraṃ caitadguho yatra samāgataḥ.

28. eṣā tripathagā gaṅgā dṛśyate varavarṇini
śṛṅgaverapuram ca etat guhaḥ yatra samāgataḥ

28. varavarṇini eṣā tripathagā gaṅgā dṛśyate ca
etat śṛṅgaverapuram yatra guhaḥ samāgataḥ

28. O beautiful lady, this is the Gaṅgā, the river that flows in three paths, now visible. And this is Śṛṅgavera-pura, where Guha came.

Words meanings summery:

• एषा (eṣā) - this

• त्रिपथगा (tripathagā) - (epithet of Gaṅgā) (moving in three paths, flowing in three ways (heaven, earth, underworld))

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā (the Ganges river)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is visible

• वरवर्णिनि (varavarṇini) - (addressed to Sītā) (O beautiful lady, O excellent-complexioned one)

• शृङ्गवेरपुरम् (śṛṅgaverapuram) - Śṛṅgavera-pura (name of a city)

• च (ca) - and

• एतत् (etat) - (refers to Śṛṅgavera-pura) (this)

• गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha (name of the Niṣāda chief)

• यत्र (yatra) - where

• समागतः (samāgataḥ) - came, arrived

Words meanings and morphology

एषा (eṣā) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

त्रिपथगा (tripathagā) - (epithet of Gaṅgā) (moving in three paths, flowing in three ways (heaven, earth, underworld))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tripathaga

tripathaga - moving in three paths

From tripatha (three paths) + gam (to go) + ḍa pratyaya

Compound type : tatpurusha (tripatha+ga)

• tripatha – three paths/roads
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective
  from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective qualifying Gaṅgā.

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - Gaṅgā (the Ganges river)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - Gaṅgā (the sacred river Ganges)

Root: gam (class 1)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Middle/Passive

ātmanepada

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: From root dṛś (to see).

वरवर्णिनि (varavarṇini) - (addressed to Sītā) (O beautiful lady, O excellent-complexioned one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of varavarṇin

varavarṇin - excellent-colored, beautiful-complexioned, a beautiful woman

Possessive suffix iNI

Compound type : tatpurusha (vara+varṇa)

• vara – excellent, best, boon
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)
• varṇa – color, caste, class
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Adjective used as a noun, vocative of a feminine noun.

शृङ्गवेरपुरम् (śṛṅgaverapuram) - Śṛṅgavera-pura (name of a city)

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śṛṅgaverapura

śṛṅgaverapura - Śṛṅgavera-pura (name of a city, capital of Guha)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śṛṅgavera+pura)

• śṛṅgavera – Śṛṅgavera (name of a plant or locality)
  proper noun (neuter)
• pura – city, town
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pṛ (class 1)

Note: Could also be accusative. Given the context (it is visible), nominative is more likely.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - (refers to Śṛṅgavera-pura) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha (name of the Niṣāda chief)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guha

guha - Guha (name of a Niṣāda chief, friend of Rāma)

Root: guh (class 1)

यत्र (yatra) - where

(indeclinable)

समागतः (samāgataḥ) - came, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāgata

samāgata - come, arrived, assembled

Past Passive Participle

From root gam with prefixes sam + ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively, meaning 'he came'.