वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-62, verse-4

स प्रविष्टो मधुवनं ददर्श हरियूथपान् ।
विमदानुद्धतान् सर्वान्मेहमानान्मधूदकम् ॥४॥

4. sa praviṣṭo madhuvanaṃ dadarśa hariyūthapān ,
vimadānuddhatān sarvānmehamānānmadhūdakam.

4. sa praviṣṭaḥ madhuvanam dadarśa hariyūthapān
vimadān uddhatān sarvān mehamānān madhūdakam

4. sa madhuvanam praviṣṭaḥ sarvān vimadān uddhatān
madhūdakam mehamānān hariyūthapān dadarśa

4. Upon entering the Madhuvana (honey-forest), he saw all the monkey chiefs, who were unruly, having lost their usual dignity (vimada), and were urinating honey-water.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, having entered

• मधुवनम् (madhuvanam) - honey-forest

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• हरियूथपान् (hariyūthapān) - the monkey chiefs, leaders of monkeys

• विमदान् (vimadān) - devoid of dignity, without arrogance, having lost composure (due to intoxication)

• उद्धतान् (uddhatān) - unruly, excited, haughty

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• मेहमानान् (mehamānān) - urinating

• मधूदकम् (madhūdakam) - honey-water

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine nominative singular form of tad

प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, having entered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into

Past Passive Participle

from pra + viś

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: nominative singular masculine, referring to the subject 'sa'

मधुवनम् (madhuvanam) - honey-forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhuvana

madhuvana - honey-forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+vana)

• madhu – honey, sweet
  noun (neuter)
• vana – forest, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: accusative singular, object of entry

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active of dṛś

हरियूथपान् (hariyūthapān) - the monkey chiefs, leaders of monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hariyūthapa

hariyūthapa - monkey chief, leader of a troop of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+yūthapa)

• hari – monkey, lion, horse
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – chief of a troop, leader of a herd
  noun (masculine)

Note: accusative plural, object of 'saw'

विमदान् (vimadān) - devoid of dignity, without arrogance, having lost composure (due to intoxication)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vimada

vimada - free from intoxication, sober, humble; (contextually: having lost dignity or composure due to intoxication)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+mada)

• vi – without, free from, apart
  indeclinable
• mada – intoxication, pride, arrogance, rut
  noun (masculine)

Note: accusative plural, modifying hariyūthapān

उद्धतान् (uddhatān) - unruly, excited, haughty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of uddhata

uddhata - haughty, arrogant, violent, unruly, excited

Past Passive Participle

from ut + han

Prefix: ut

Root: han (class 2)

Note: accusative plural, modifying hariyūthapān

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: accusative plural, modifying hariyūthapān

मेहमानान् (mehamānān) - urinating

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mehamāna

mehamāna - urinating

present active participle (ātmanepada)

from root mih

Root: mih (class 1)

Note: accusative plural, present active participle, modifying hariyūthapān

मधूदकम् (madhūdakam) - honey-water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhūdaka

madhūdaka - honey-water, sweet drink

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+udaka)

• madhu – honey, sweet
  noun (neuter)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: accusative singular, object of mehamānān

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