वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-62, verse-21

त्वया ह्यनुक्तैर्हरिभिर्नैव शक्यं पदात् पदम् ।
क्व चिद्गन्तुं हरिश्रेष्ठ ब्रूमः सत्यमिदं तु ते ॥२१॥

21. tvayā hyanuktairharibhirnaiva śakyaṃ padāt padam ,
kva cidgantuṃ hariśreṣṭha brūmaḥ satyamidaṃ tu te.

21. tvayā hi anuktaiḥ haribhiḥ na eva śakyam padāt padam
| kva cit gantum hari-śreṣṭha brūmaḥ satyam idam tu te

21. hari-śreṣṭha hi tvayā anuktaiḥ haribhiḥ padāt padam
kva cit gantum na eva śakyam tu idam satyam te brūmaḥ

21. Indeed, without your explicit command, O best of monkeys, it is not possible for the monkeys to move even a single step. We speak this truth to you.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - indicating the agent (you, the leader) (by you)

• हि (hi) - emphasizing the truth of the statement (indeed, for, because)

• अनुक्तैः (anuktaiḥ) - by the monkeys who have not been given a command by you (by the unsaid, by the uncommanded)

• हरिभिः (haribhiḥ) - indicating the agents (the monkey forces) (by the monkeys)

• न (na) - negation (not, no)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the impossibility (only, indeed, just)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - it is possible (here negated: not possible) (possible, capable)

• पदात् (padāt) - from one position, (often in 'padāt padam' - step by step) (from a step, from a foot)

• पदम् (padam) - one step (often in 'padāt padam' - step by step) (a step, a foot)

• क्व (kva) - used with 'cit' to form 'kvacit' (somewhere, anywhere) (where, anywhere, somewhere)

• चित् (cit) - adds indefiniteness to 'kva' (anywhere) (a certain, some, any)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to proceed or move (to go, for going)

• हरि-श्रेष्ठ (hari-śreṣṭha) - addressing a prominent monkey leader (e.g., Sugriva, Angada) (O best of monkeys)

• ब्रूमः (brūmaḥ) - expressing a collective affirmation (we speak, we say)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - this true statement (truth, truly)

• इदम् (idam) - referring to the statement just made (this)

• तु (tu) - emphasizes the statement or provides a slight contrast (but, indeed, however)

• ते (te) - dative of the second person pronoun (to you, for you)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - indicating the agent (you, the leader) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the implied action for 'anuktaiḥ'.

हि (hi) - emphasizing the truth of the statement (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अनुक्तैः (anuktaiḥ) - by the monkeys who have not been given a command by you (by the unsaid, by the uncommanded)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anukta

anukta - unsaid, untold, uncommanded

past passive participle (negated)

Negation of ukta (said), past passive participle of root vac (to speak) + prefix a- (not)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ukta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ukta – spoken, said, commanded
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Root vac (to speak), past passive participle
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'haribhiḥ', meaning 'by the monkeys who are not commanded (by you)'.

हरिभिः (haribhiḥ) - indicating the agents (the monkey forces) (by the monkeys)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, ape

Note: Instrumental plural, referring to the monkey army.

न (na) - negation (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes the impossibility (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often combined with 'na' to form 'naiva' meaning 'never, not at all'.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - it is possible (here negated: not possible) (possible, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, fit

gerundive

Root śak (to be able), gerundive (potential passive participle)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for an implied 'it'.

पदात् (padāt) - from one position, (often in 'padāt padam' - step by step) (from a step, from a foot)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, mark, position, word

Note: In 'padāt padam', it means 'from step to step', i.e., 'even a single step'.

पदम् (padam) - one step (often in 'padāt padam' - step by step) (a step, a foot)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, mark, position, word

Note: In 'padāt padam', it means 'from step to step', i.e., 'even a single step'.

क्व (kva) - used with 'cit' to form 'kvacit' (somewhere, anywhere) (where, anywhere, somewhere)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb, here used with 'cit' for indefiniteness.

चित् (cit) - adds indefiniteness to 'kva' (anywhere) (a certain, some, any)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms 'kvacit' meaning 'anywhere'.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to proceed or move (to go, for going)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of gam

infinitive

root gam (to go), infinitive form

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'śakyam'.

हरि-श्रेष्ठ (hari-śreṣṭha) - addressing a prominent monkey leader (e.g., Sugriva, Angada) (O best of monkeys)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+śreṣṭha)

• hari – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Addressing the leader of the monkeys.

ब्रूमः (brūmaḥ) - expressing a collective affirmation (we speak, we say)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

present active

root brū (to speak), present tense, 1st person plural

Root: brū (class 2)

सत्यम् (satyam) - this true statement (truth, truly)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real

Note: Object of 'brūmaḥ'.

इदम् (idam) - referring to the statement just made (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Agrees with 'satyam'.

तु (tu) - emphasizes the statement or provides a slight contrast (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - dative of the second person pronoun (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Alternative enclitic form for 'tubhyam'.

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