वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-62, verse-35

ततः श्रुत्वा निनादं तं कपीनां कपिसत्तमः ।
आयताञ्चितलाङ्गूलः सो ऽभवद्धृष्टमानसः ॥३५॥

35. tataḥ śrutvā ninādaṃ taṃ kapīnāṃ kapisattamaḥ ,
āyatāñcitalāṅgūlaḥ so'bhavaddhṛṣṭamānasaḥ.

35. tataḥ śrutvā ninādam tam kapīnām kapisattamaḥ
āyata āñcita lāṅgūlaḥ saḥ abhavat hṛṣṭamānasaḥ

35. tataḥ tam kapīnām ninādam śrutvā kapisattamaḥ
saḥ āyata āñcita lāṅgūlaḥ hṛṣṭamānasaḥ abhavat

35. Then, upon hearing that roar of the monkeys, the foremost of monkeys, Hanumān, his tail extended and curved, became joyful.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from that, therefore)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard, after hearing)

• निनादम् (ninādam) - the roar (sound, roar, cry)

• तम् (tam) - that (specific roar) (that (masculine accusative singular))

• कपीनाम् (kapīnām) - of the monkeys

• कपिसत्तमः (kapisattamaḥ) - the foremost of monkeys (referring to Hanumān) (best of monkeys, chief monkey)

• आयत (āyata) - extended (extended, long, stretched)

• आञ्चित (āñcita) - curved (bent, curved, drawn up)

• लाङ्गूलः (lāṅgūlaḥ) - his tail (tail)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Hanumān) (he, that)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, it happened)

• हृष्टमानसः (hṛṣṭamānasaḥ) - joyful in mind (joyful-minded, glad-hearted)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'tad' used as an indeclinable adverb

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) + ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

निनादम् (ninādam) - the roar (sound, roar, cry)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nināda

nināda - sound, roar, cry

from ni-nad (to sound)

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

तम् (tam) - that (specific roar) (that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective modifying 'ninādam'.

कपीनाम् (kapīnām) - of the monkeys

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kapi

kapi - monkey

Note: Possessive, indicating whose roar it was.

कपिसत्तमः (kapisattamaḥ) - the foremost of monkeys (referring to Hanumān) (best of monkeys, chief monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapisattama

kapisattama - best of monkeys, chief monkey

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kapi+sattama)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative suffix -tama

Note: Subject of the sentence (Hanumān).

आयत (āyata) - extended (extended, long, stretched)

(adjective)

masculine (within compound), singular (within compound) of āyata

āyata - extended, long, stretched

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yam' (to stretch, extend) with prefix 'ā-' + suffix 'kta'

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'āyatāñcitalāṅgūlaḥ'.

आञ्चित (āñcita) - curved (bent, curved, drawn up)

(adjective)

masculine (within compound), singular (within compound) of āñcita

āñcita - bent, curved, drawn up

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'añc' (to bend, curve) with prefix 'ā-' + suffix 'kta'

Prefix: ā

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'āyatāñcitalāṅgūlaḥ'.

लाङ्गूलः (lāṅgūlaḥ) - his tail (tail)

(noun)

masculine (within compound), singular (within compound) of lāṅgūla

lāṅgūla - tail

Note: Part of the compound 'āyatāñcitalāṅgūlaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Hanumān) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kapisattamaḥ'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he became, it happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हृष्टमानसः (hṛṣṭamānasaḥ) - joyful in mind (joyful-minded, glad-hearted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭamānasa

hṛṣṭamānasa - joyful-minded, glad-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛṣṭa+mānasa)

• hṛṣṭa – pleased, joyful, thrilled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  root hṛṣ + kta
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• mānasa – mind, mental
  noun (neuter)
  from manas (mind) + a

Note: Predicative adjective with 'abhavat', describing the state of 'kapisattamaḥ'.

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