वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-57, verse-39

जलार्द्रगात्रं तु विलप्य कृच्छान्मर्मव्रणं संततमुच्छसन्तम् ।
ततः सरय्वां तमहं शयानं समीक्ष्य भद्रे सुभृशं विषण्णः ॥३९॥

39. jalārdragātraṃ tu vilapya kṛcchānmarmavraṇaṃ saṃtatamucchasantam ,
tataḥ sarayvāṃ tamahaṃ śayānaṃ samīkṣya bhadre subhṛśaṃ viṣaṇṇaḥ.

39. jala-ārdra-gātram tu vilapya kṛcchrāt
marma-vraṇam saṃtatam ucchasantaṃ
tataḥ sarayvāṃ tam aham śayānaṃ
samīkṣya bhadre subhṛśaṃ viṣaṇṇaḥ

39. bhadre tataḥ aham subhṛśaṃ viṣaṇṇaḥ
samīkṣya tam śayānaṃ sarayvāṃ tu
jala-ārdra-gātram vilapya kṛcchrāt
marma-vraṇam saṃtatam ucchasantaṃ

39. O venerable lady, then, seeing him (the hermit's son) lying on the Sarayu, his body wet with water, lamenting with difficulty, and constantly sighing from his vital wound, I became exceedingly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• जल-आर्द्र-गात्रम् (jala-ārdra-gātram) - (of the hermit's son) whose body was wet with water (whose body was wet with water)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• विलप्य (vilapya) - lamenting (referring to the state of the hermit's son) (having lamented, bewailing)

• कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - with difficulty, painfully, from trouble

• मर्म-व्रणम् (marma-vraṇam) - (from) his vital wound (a vital wound, a wound in a vital spot)

• संततम् (saṁtatam) - continuously, constantly, always

• उच्छसन्तम् (ucchasantam) - sighing, breathing out, exhaling

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that place)

• सरय्वां (sarayvāṁ) - on the Sarayu (river)

• तम् (tam) - him (the hermit's son) (that, him)

• अहम् (aham) - King Daśaratha (I)

• शयानं (śayānaṁ) - lying down, sleeping

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing

• भद्रे (bhadre) - (addressing Kaikeyī or Kauśalyā, or any respected woman) (O gentle one, O venerable lady, O auspicious one)

• सुभृशं (subhṛśaṁ) - exceedingly, very much, greatly

• विषण्णः (viṣaṇṇaḥ) - distressed, dejected, sorrowful

Words meanings and morphology

जल-आर्द्र-गात्रम् (jala-ārdra-gātram) - (of the hermit's son) whose body was wet with water (whose body was wet with water)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jala-ārdra-gātra

jala-ārdra-gātra - one whose body is wet with water

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jala+ārdra+gātra)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• ārdra – wet, moist, tender
  adjective (masculine)
• gātra – body, limb
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'tam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

विलप्य (vilapya) - lamenting (referring to the state of the hermit's son) (having lamented, bewailing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

vi + lap (to speak) + lyap suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the state of the hermit's son.

कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - with difficulty, painfully, from trouble

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, trouble, pain, distress

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'with difficulty'.

मर्म-व्रणम् (marma-vraṇam) - (from) his vital wound (a vital wound, a wound in a vital spot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of marma-vraṇa

marma-vraṇa - vital wound

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (marman+vraṇa)

• marman – vital part, vulnerable spot
  noun (neuter)
• vraṇa – wound, ulcer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts adverbially with 'kṛcchrāt' and 'ucchasantam', indicating the source of the difficulty/sighing.

संततम् (saṁtatam) - continuously, constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

sam + tan (to stretch)

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Used adverbially, modifying 'ucchasantam'.

उच्छसन्तम् (ucchasantam) - sighing, breathing out, exhaling

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ucchasant

ucchasant - sighing, breathing out, exhaling

Present Active Participle

ud + śvas (to breathe) + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: ud

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tam'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that place)

(indeclinable)

सरय्वां (sarayvāṁ) - on the Sarayu (river)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sarayu

sarayu - Sarayu river

तम् (tam) - him (the hermit's son) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'samīkṣya'.

अहम् (aham) - King Daśaratha (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Subject of 'samīkṣya' and 'viṣaṇṇaḥ'.

शयानं (śayānaṁ) - lying down, sleeping

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying down, sleeping

Present Middle Participle (Ātmanepada)

śī (to lie down) + śānac suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tam'.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

sam + īkṣ (to see) + lyap suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Main absolutive action of 'aham'.

भद्रे (bhadre) - (addressing Kaikeyī or Kauśalyā, or any respected woman) (O gentle one, O venerable lady, O auspicious one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - auspicious, good, gentle, venerable (feminine)

Note: Used as a respectful address.

सुभृशं (subhṛśaṁ) - exceedingly, very much, greatly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially, modifying 'viṣaṇṇaḥ'.

विषण्णः (viṣaṇṇaḥ) - distressed, dejected, sorrowful

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - distressed, dejected, sorrowful

Past Passive Participle

vi + sad (to sink) + kta suffix, with n-insertion

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Describes 'aham'.

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