वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-57, verse-25

वृद्धौ च मातापितरावहं चैकेषुणा हतः ।
केन स्म निहताः सर्वे सुबालेनाकृतात्मना ॥२५॥

25. vṛddhau ca mātāpitarāvahaṃ caikeṣuṇā hataḥ ,
kena sma nihatāḥ sarve subālenākṛtātmanā.

25. vṛddhau ca mātāpitarau aham ca eka iṣuṇā hataḥ
kena sma nihataḥ sarve subālena akṛtātmanā

25. vṛddhau ca mātāpitarau ca aham eka iṣuṇā hataḥ.
kena sma sarve nihataḥ subālena akṛtātmanā?

25. Both my aged parents and I have been struck down by a single arrow. By whom, indeed, were we all killed? By a mere child, an undeveloped soul (ātman)!

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - old, aged (masc. nom. dual)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मातापितरौ (mātāpitarau) - mother and father, parents

• अहम् (aham) - I

• च (ca) - and, also

• एक (eka) - one, single, unique

• इषुणा (iṣuṇā) - by an arrow

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• स्म (sma) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis))

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed, slain (nom. plural)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• सुबालेन (subālena) - by a very young boy, by a mere child

• अकृतात्मना (akṛtātmanā) - by an undeveloped soul (ātman) (by one whose soul/self is undeveloped/unformed/uncultured)

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - old, aged (masc. nom. dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh (to grow, increase) + kta suffix

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मातापितरौ (mātāpitarau) - mother and father, parents

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mātāpitṛ

mātāpitṛ - mother and father, parents

dvandva compound of mātṛ (mother) and pitṛ (father)

Compound type : dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एक (eka) - one, single, unique

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique

Note: Agrees with iṣuṇā.

इषुणा (iṣuṇā) - by an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, slain

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) + kta suffix

Root: han (class 2)

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

स्म (sma) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed, slain (nom. plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, slain

Past Passive Participle

from ni + root han (to strike, kill) + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

सुबालेन (subālena) - by a very young boy, by a mere child

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of subāla

subāla - very young boy, mere child

Compound of su (good, well, very) and bāla (child, young)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bāla)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix/indeclinable
• bāla – child, young boy, inexperienced
  noun (masculine)

अकृतात्मना (akṛtātmanā) - by an undeveloped soul (ātman) (by one whose soul/self is undeveloped/unformed/uncultured)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose self is undeveloped, uncultured soul, ignorant person

Compound of a (not), kṛta (done, made, developed), ātman (self, soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kṛta – done, made, performed, developed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind
  noun (masculine)

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