वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-57, verse-3

स राजा रजनीं षष्ठीं रामे प्रव्रजिते वनम् ।
अर्धरात्रे दशरथः संस्मरन्दुष्कृतं कृतम् ।
कौसल्यां पुत्रशोकार्तामिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥३॥

3. sa rājā rajanīṃ ṣaṣṭhīṃ rāme pravrajite vanam ,
ardharātre daśarathaḥ saṃsmaranduṣkṛtaṃ kṛtam ,
kausalyāṃ putraśokārtāmidaṃ vacanamabravīt.

3. sa rājā rajanīm ṣaṣṭhīm rāme pravrajite
vanam | ardharātre daśarathaḥ
saṃsmaran duṣkṛtam kṛtam | kausalyām
putraśokārtām idam vacanam abravīt

3. rāme vanam pravrajite,
sa rājā daśarathaḥ,
ṣaṣṭhīm rajanīm,
ardharātre kṛtam duṣkṛtam saṃsmaran,
putraśokārtām kausalyām idam vacanam abravīt.

3. On the sixth night after Rama had gone into the forest, King Dasharatha, at midnight, remembering the evil deed (karma) he had committed, spoke these words to Kausalya, who was tormented by grief for her son.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that, he

• राजा (rājā) - king

• रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night

• षष्ठीम् (ṣaṣṭhīm) - sixth

• रामे (rāme) - Rama having gone (locative absolute construction) (in Rama, when Rama)

• प्रव्रजिते (pravrajite) - having gone forth (into exile), having entered the forest (having gone forth, having entered religious mendicancy)

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

• अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha, King of Ayodhya, father of Rama (Dasharatha)

• संस्मरन् (saṁsmaran) - remembering, recalling

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - evil deed, misdeed

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed, done

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya, Rama's mother (to Kausalya)

• पुत्रशोकार्ताम् (putraśokārtām) - distressed by grief for her son

• इदम् (idam) - these, this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

षष्ठीम् (ṣaṣṭhīm) - sixth

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ṣaṣṭha

ṣaṣṭha - sixth

रामे (rāme) - Rama having gone (locative absolute construction) (in Rama, when Rama)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper noun, a hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

प्रव्रजिते (pravrajite) - having gone forth (into exile), having entered the forest (having gone forth, having entered religious mendicancy)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravrajita

pravrajita - one who has gone forth, exiled, become an ascetic

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vraj (to go) with the prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardharātra

ardharātra - midnight

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+rātra)

• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)
• rātra – night (often as part of compounds like rātri)
  noun (masculine)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha, King of Ayodhya, father of Rama (Dasharatha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (a proper noun, a celebrated king of Ayodhya)

संस्मरन् (saṁsmaran) - remembering, recalling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsmarat

saṁsmarat - remembering, recalling

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √smṛ (to remember) with the prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: smṛ (class 1)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - evil deed, misdeed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - an evil deed, misdeed, sin

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult (a prefix)
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - committed, done

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'duṣkṛtam'

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya, Rama's mother (to Kausalya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (a proper noun, wife of Dasharatha and mother of Rama)

पुत्रशोकार्ताम् (putraśokārtām) - distressed by grief for her son

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of putraśokārtā

putraśokārtā - afflicted or distressed by grief for a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putraśoka+ārta)

• putraśoka – grief for a son
  noun (masculine)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √ṛ (to go) with prefix ā-, in the sense of 'distressed' or 'pained'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ

Note: Modifies 'Kausalya'

इदम् (idam) - these, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these, here

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, statement

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

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