वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-57, verse-16

अथान्धकारे त्वश्रौषं जले कुम्भस्य पर्यतः ।
अचक्षुर्विषये घोषं वारणस्येव नर्दतः ॥१६॥

16. athāndhakāre tvaśrauṣaṃ jale kumbhasya paryataḥ ,
acakṣurviṣaye ghoṣaṃ vāraṇasyeva nardataḥ.

16. atha andhakāre tu aśrauṣam jale kumbhasya paryataḥ
acakṣurviṣaye ghoṣam vāraṇasya iva nardataḥ

16. atha tu andhakāre acakṣurviṣaye jale kumbhasya
paryataḥ vāraṇasya nardataḥ iva ghoṣam aśrauṣam

16. Then, in the darkness, beyond the range of my sight, I heard a sound in the water, like that of a pitcher being filled, or as if of a trumpeting elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अन्धकारे (andhakāre) - in the darkness (in darkness)

• तु (tu) - (an emphasizing particle) (but, and, indeed, however)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• जले (jale) - in the water (in water)

• कुम्भस्य (kumbhasya) - of a pitcher (of a pitcher, of a pot)

• पर्यतः (paryataḥ) - (sound of water) around (the pitcher) (all around, on all sides, surrounding)

• अचक्षुर्विषये (acakṣurviṣaye) - beyond the range of sight (out of sight, beyond the range of sight)

• घोषम् (ghoṣam) - a sound (or roar) (sound, noise, roar)

• वारणस्य (vāraṇasya) - of an elephant (of an elephant, of one who wards off)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as it were)

• नर्दतः (nardataḥ) - (of an elephant) roaring (roaring, bellowing)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अन्धकारे (andhakāre) - in the darkness (in darkness)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of andhakāra

andhakāra - darkness, gloom

तु (tu) - (an emphasizing particle) (but, and, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Aorist 1st person singular

Aorist tense, from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

जले (jale) - in the water (in water)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

कुम्भस्य (kumbhasya) - of a pitcher (of a pitcher, of a pot)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kumbha

kumbha - a pitcher, pot, water-pot

Note: Relates to 'ghoṣam' as the source of a sound (like filling a pitcher)

पर्यतः (paryataḥ) - (sound of water) around (the pitcher) (all around, on all sides, surrounding)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with 'kumbhasya' to describe the sound of a pitcher being filled.

अचक्षुर्विषये (acakṣurviṣaye) - beyond the range of sight (out of sight, beyond the range of sight)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of acakṣurviṣaya

acakṣurviṣaya - beyond the range of sight, invisible

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'a' (not) + 'cakṣus' (eye) + 'viṣaya' (object/range). A place not in the range of eyes.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+cakṣus+viṣaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cakṣus – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cakṣ (class 2)
• viṣaya – object, sphere, range, scope
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies the location of hearing the sound

घोषम् (ghoṣam) - a sound (or roar) (sound, noise, roar)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - noise, sound, roar, shout

From root 'ghuṣ'

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'aśrauṣam'

वारणस्य (vāraṇasya) - of an elephant (of an elephant, of one who wards off)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - an elephant, warding off, preventing

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, restrain)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Possessive case, referring to the source of the roar

इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison

नर्दतः (nardataḥ) - (of an elephant) roaring (roaring, bellowing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nardat

nardat - roaring, bellowing, sounding

Present Active Participle

From root 'nard' (to roar)

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vāraṇasya'

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