वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-48, verse-19

चिरस्य खलु काकुत्स्थ पश्यामि त्वामिहागतम् ।
श्रुतं तव मया चेदं विवासनमकारणम् ॥१९॥

19. cirasya khalu kākutstha paśyāmi tvāmihāgatam ,
śrutaṃ tava mayā cedaṃ vivāsanamakāraṇam.

19. cirasya khalu kākutstha paśyāmi tvām iha āgatam
śrutam tava mayā ca idam vivāsanam akāraṇam

19. kākutstha cirasya khalu iha āgatam tvām paśyāmi
ca mayā tava idam akāraṇam vivāsanam śrutam

19. O scion of Kakutstha (Rama), indeed, it is after a long time that I see you arrived here. I have also heard about this baseless exile of yours.

Words meanings summery:

• चिरस्य (cirasya) - after a long time

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

• काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Rama (O scion of Kakutstha, O Rama)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived (here) (arrived, come, obtained)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (about) (heard, perceived, known)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• मया (mayā) - by me

• च (ca) - and, also

• इदम् (idam) - this

• विवासनम् (vivāsanam) - banishment, exile

• अकारणम् (akāraṇam) - without cause, baseless, unjustified

Words meanings and morphology

चिरस्य (cirasya) - after a long time

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cira

cira - long, lasting; long time

Note: Adverbial usage, meaning 'after a long time'.

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O Rama (O scion of Kakutstha, O Rama)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paś

Present active

From root dṛś (क्लास 1, परस्मैपद), with present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived (here) (arrived, come, obtained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (क्लास 1, परस्मैपद) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tvām (you).

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (about) (heard, perceived, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known (from tradition)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (क्लास 5, परस्मैपद)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'the thing heard'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here (pronoun)

Note: Refers to vivāsanam.

विवासनम् (vivāsanam) - banishment, exile

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivāsana

vivāsana - banishment, exile, expulsion

From root vas (to dwell) with prefix vi- and causative -āsa, then suffix -ana.

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 1)

अकारणम् (akāraṇam) - without cause, baseless, unjustified

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - without cause, for no reason, unprovoked

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kāraṇa – cause, reason
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ana.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with vivāsanam.

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