वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-47, verse-18

क्षुद्रकर्मा हि कैकेयी द्वेषादन्याय्यमाचरेत् ।
परिदद्या हि धर्मज्ञे भरते मम मातरम् ॥१८॥

18. kṣudrakarmā hi kaikeyī dveṣādanyāyyamācaret ,
paridadyā hi dharmajñe bharate mama mātaram.

18. kṣudrakarmā hi kaikeyī dveṣāt anyāyyam ācaret
paridadyā hi dharmajñe bharate mama mātaram

18. hi kṣudrakarmā kaikeyī dveṣāt anyāyyam ācaret
hi dharmajñe bharate mama mātaram paridadyā

18. For Kaikeyi, whose actions are petty, may indeed act unjustly out of hatred. Therefore, O knower of natural law (dharma), you must entrust my mother (Kausalya) to Bharata.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षुद्रकर्मा (kṣudrakarmā) - one whose actions are mean/petty

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, certainly, for)

• कैकेयी (kaikeyī) - Kaikeyi (proper name)

• द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - from hatred, out of hatred

• अन्याय्यम् (anyāyyam) - something unjust (unjust, improper, unlawful)

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - may do, may act, may perform

• परिदद्या (paridadyā) - you should entrust (you should entrust, deliver, give over)

• हि (hi) - indeed, therefore (indeed, certainly, for)

• धर्मज्ञे (dharmajñe) - O knower of natural law (dharma)

• भरते (bharate) - to Bharata

• मम (mama) - my

• मातरम् (mātaram) - my mother (Kausalya) (mother (accusative))

Words meanings and morphology

क्षुद्रकर्मा (kṣudrakarmā) - one whose actions are mean/petty

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣudrakarman

kṣudrakarman - one whose actions are small, mean, petty, base

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣudra+karman)

• kṣudra – small, petty, mean, low
  adjective (masculine)
• karman – action (karma), deed, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to Kaikeyi.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, certainly, for)

(indeclinable)

कैकेयी (kaikeyī) - Kaikeyi (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyi (King Dasharatha's youngest queen, mother of Bharata)

Note: Subject of 'ācaret'.

द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - from hatred, out of hatred

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dveṣa

dveṣa - hatred, enmity, malice

From root 'dviṣ' (to hate).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Indicates the cause of action.

अन्याय्यम् (anyāyyam) - something unjust (unjust, improper, unlawful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyāyya

anyāyya - unjust, improper, unlawful, unsuitable

From 'an' (not) + 'nyāyya' (just, proper).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+nyāyya)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• nyāyya – just, proper, lawful, reasonable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From 'ni-i' (to go down, to enter) + 'ya' suffix. That which is proper or fits the 'nyāya' (logic/justice).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'ācaret'.

आचरेत् (ācaret) - may do, may act, may perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of car

Optative, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root 'car' (to move) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

परिदद्या (paridadyā) - you should entrust (you should entrust, deliver, give over)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of dā

Optative, 2nd person singular, active voice

From root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'pari'. The form 'paridadyā' is a historically ambiguous form which can be interpreted as 2nd singular optative, often used with an injunctive or imperative sense in classical Sanskrit.

Prefix: pari

Root: dā (class 3)

हि (hi) - indeed, therefore (indeed, certainly, for)

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञे (dharmajñe) - O knower of natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of duty (dharma), one who understands natural law (dharma)

From 'dharma' + 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Addressing Lakshmana.

भरते (bharate) - to Bharata

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (Rama's brother)

Note: The person to whom Kausalya is to be entrusted. Can also be locative, but dative fits the meaning of entrusting.

मम (mama) - my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mama

asmad - my, of me

First person singular pronoun, genitive case.

Note: Possessive, modifying 'mātaram'.

मातरम् (mātaram) - my mother (Kausalya) (mother (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Object of 'paridadyā'.

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