वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-47, verse-1

स तं वृक्षं समासाद्य संध्यामन्वास्य पश्चिमाम् ।
रामो रमयतां श्रेष्ठ इति होवाच लक्ष्मणम् ॥१॥

1. sa taṃ vṛkṣaṃ samāsādya saṃdhyāmanvāsya paścimām ,
rāmo ramayatāṃ śreṣṭha iti hovāca lakṣmaṇam.

1. saḥ tam vṛkṣam samāsādya sandhyām anvāsya paścimām
rāmaḥ ramayatām śreṣṭhaḥ iti ha uvāca lakṣmaṇam

1. saḥ tam vṛkṣam samāsādya,
paścimām sandhyām anvāsya,
ramayatām śreṣṭhaḥ rāmaḥ iti lakṣmaṇam ha uvāca.

1. Having approached that tree and performed the evening rites, Rama, the best among those who bring delight, spoke thus to Lakshmana.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Rama (he)

• तम् (tam) - that

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - the specific tree they went to for the night (tree)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

• सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the evening twilight rites/prayers (twilight, evening prayer/rite)

• अन्वास्य (anvāsya) - having performed the evening rites (having worshipped, having performed (rites))

• पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - evening (twilight) (western, last, evening)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun)

• रमयताम् (ramayatām) - among those who delight/charm

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent

• इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing direct speech)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana (proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Rama (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'vṛkṣam'.

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - the specific tree they went to for the night (tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'sad' (to sit) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā' and suffix '-ya'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the evening twilight rites/prayers (twilight, evening prayer/rite)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - twilight, juncture of day and night, evening prayer

अन्वास्य (anvāsya) - having performed the evening rites (having worshipped, having performed (rites))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'ās' (to sit) with prefix 'anu' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: anu

Root: ās (class 2)

पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - evening (twilight) (western, last, evening)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paścima

paścima - western, hindmost, last, evening

Derived from 'paścā' (behind, after) with suffix 'ima'

Note: Agrees with 'sandhyām'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, son of Dasaratha)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

रमयताम् (ramayatām) - among those who delight/charm

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ramayat

ramayat - causing delight, charming, gladdening

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from causative stem of root 'ram' (to delight) with suffix '-at' and 'ṅīp' for feminine

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Used as part of a superlative phrase.

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, most auspicious

Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing direct speech)

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with past tense verbs to emphasize or narrate.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect Active of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.