वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-31, verse-28

अथ रामस्तथा श्रुत्वा पितुरार्तस्य भाषितम् ।
लक्ष्मणेन सह भ्रात्रा दीनो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२८॥

28. atha rāmastathā śrutvā piturārtasya bhāṣitam ,
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā dīno vacanamabravīt.

28. atha rāmaḥ tathā śrutvā pituḥ ārtasya bhāṣitam
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā dīnaḥ vacanam abravīt

28. atha pituḥ ārtasya bhāṣitam tathā śrutvā rāmaḥ
dīnaḥ bhrātrā lakṣmaṇena saha vacanam abravīt

28. Then, having heard the words of his distressed father, Rama, himself troubled, spoke to his brother Lakshmana.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper name)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of his distressed father (of the distressed one, of the suffering one)

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, speech, words

• लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakshmana, with Lakshmana

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by the brother, with the brother

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - Rama, himself troubled (distressed, miserable, sad)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now, next

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated king, son of Dasaratha and husband of Sītā); pleasing, charming

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'śru' (to hear) + suffix 'ktvā'

Root: śru (class 5)

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of his distressed father (of the distressed one, of the suffering one)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ārt

ārt - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with prefix 'ā'; more commonly understood as from 'ṛdh' (to be distressed) or 'ṛt' (to harm)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - spoken, speech, words

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said; speech, words

Past Passive Participle (used as a noun)

From root 'bhāṣ' (to speak) + suffix 'kta'

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakshmana, with Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (a proper name, brother of Rama); having auspicious marks

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

भ्रात्रा (bhrātrā) - by the brother, with the brother

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Agrees with lakṣmaṇena

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - Rama, himself troubled (distressed, miserable, sad)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, sad, miserable, humble, wretched

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dī' (to fade, to be distressed)

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Rāmaḥ.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, utterance

From root 'vac' (to speak) + suffix 'ana'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, root 'brū', 2nd class (adādi), augmented with 'a'

Root: brū (class 2)