वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-31, verse-1

स रामप्रेषितः क्षिप्रं संतापकलुषेन्द्रियः ।
प्रविश्य नृपतिं सूतो निःश्वसन्तं ददर्श ह ॥१॥

1. sa rāmapreṣitaḥ kṣipraṃ saṃtāpakaluṣendriyaḥ ,
praviśya nṛpatiṃ sūto niḥśvasantaṃ dadarśa ha.

1. saḥ rāmapreṣitaḥ kṣipram saṃtāpakaluṣendriyaḥ
praviśya nṛpatim sūtaḥ niḥśvasantam dadarśa ha

1. रामप्रेषितः संतापकaluṣendriyaḥ सः सूतः
क्षिप्रम् प्रविश्य निःश्वसन्तम् नृपतिम् ह ददर्श

1. That charioteer (sūta), Sumantra, sent by Rāma, whose senses were agitated by distress, quickly entered and saw the king sighing.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sumantra) (that, he)

• रामप्रेषितः (rāmapreṣitaḥ) - sent by Rāma

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• संतापकलुषेन्द्रियः (saṁtāpakaluṣendriyaḥ) - whose senses are agitated by distress

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

• नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - King Daśaratha (the king, protector of men)

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sumantra, the charioteer (charioteer, bard, herald)

• निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - the king who was sighing (due to distress) (sighing, breathing out)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sumantra) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रामप्रेषितः (rāmapreṣitaḥ) - sent by Rāma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāmapreṣita

rāmapreṣita - sent by Rāma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+preṣita)

• rāma – Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)
• preṣita – sent, despatched, ordered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root iṣ (to send) with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

संतापकलुषेन्द्रियः (saṁtāpakaluṣendriyaḥ) - whose senses are agitated by distress

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpakaluṣendriya

saṁtāpakaluṣendriya - one whose senses are disturbed by affliction

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃtāpa+kaluṣa+indriya)

• saṃtāpa – distress, pain, affliction, suffering
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root tap (to heat, suffer) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• kaluṣa – turbid, foul, disturbed, agitated
  adjective (neuter)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root viś (to enter) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

नृपतिम् (nṛpatim) - King Daśaratha (the king, protector of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, protector of men

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sumantra, the charioteer (charioteer, bard, herald)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald

निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - the king who was sighing (due to distress) (sighing, breathing out)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasant

niḥśvasant - sighing, exhaling

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root śvas (to breathe) with prefix nis

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpatim'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)