वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-9, verse-29

वर्षेणैवागतं विप्रं विषयं स्वं नराधिपः ।
प्रत्युद्गम्य मुनिं प्रह्वः शिरसा च महीं गतः ॥२९॥

29. varṣeṇaivāgataṃ vipraṃ viṣayaṃ svaṃ narādhipaḥ ,
pratyudgamya muniṃ prahvaḥ śirasā ca mahīṃ gataḥ.

29. varṣeṇa eva āgatam vipram viṣayam svam narādhipaḥ
pratyudgamya munim prahvaḥ śirasā ca mahīm gataḥ

29. narādhipaḥ prahvaḥ varṣeṇa eva svam viṣayam āgatam
vipram munim pratyudgamya ca śirasā mahīm gataḥ

29. The king, humble, having met the sage (muni) who had arrived in his own territory due to the rain, also prostrated on the ground with his head.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्षेण (varṣeṇa) - by rain, through rain

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, very

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come, approached

• विप्रम् (vipram) - Brahmin, priest

• विषयम् (viṣayam) - territory (territory, domain, object, sense-object)

• स्वम् (svam) - own, one's own

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, lord of men

• प्रत्युद्गम्य (pratyudgamya) - having met (having gone to meet, having advanced to meet)

• मुनिम् (munim) - sage, ascetic, inspired one

• प्रह्वः (prahvaḥ) - bowed, humble, submissive

• शिरसा (śirasā) - by bowing his head (with the head, by the head)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महीम् (mahīm) - earth, ground

• गतः (gataḥ) - prostrated (literally 'gone to the earth') (gone, reached, resorted to)

Words meanings and morphology

वर्षेण (varṣeṇa) - by rain, through rain

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - rain, year, rainy season

From root vṛṣ (to rain).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'varṣeṇa'.

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come, approached

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective to 'vipram'.

विप्रम् (vipram) - Brahmin, priest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest, inspired one

Note: Object of 'pratyudgamya'.

विषयम् (viṣayam) - territory (territory, domain, object, sense-object)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - territory, domain, object, sphere, scope

From root si (to bind) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Refers to the king's territory, where the Brahmin arrived.

स्वम् (svam) - own, one's own

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

Note: Adjective to 'viṣayam'.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, lord of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect) with prefix adhi-.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'pratyudgamya' and 'gataḥ'.

प्रत्युद्गम्य (pratyudgamya) - having met (having gone to meet, having advanced to meet)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefixes prati- and ud-, and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: gam (class 1)

मुनिम् (munim) - sage, ascetic, inspired one

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, inspired one, hermit (muni)

Note: Object of 'pratyudgamya'.

प्रह्वः (prahvaḥ) - bowed, humble, submissive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahva

prahva - bowed, humble, submissive, bent low

From pra- and root hnu (to bend, lower).

Prefix: pra

Root: hnu (class 2)

Note: Adjective to 'narādhipaḥ'.

शिरसा (śirasā) - by bowing his head (with the head, by the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महीम् (mahīm) - earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

Note: Object of implied verb 'went' or 'prostrated'.

गतः (gataḥ) - prostrated (literally 'gone to the earth') (gone, reached, resorted to)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with suffix -ta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicative participle for 'narādhipaḥ', indicating the state of having gone.