वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-9, verse-21

तानि चास्वाद्य तेजस्वी फलानीति स्म मन्यते ।
अनास्वादितपूर्वाणि वने नित्यनिवासिना ॥२१॥

21. tāni cāsvādya tejasvī phalānīti sma manyate ,
anāsvāditapūrvāṇi vane nityanivāsinā.

21. tāni ca āsvādya tejasvī phalāni iti sma
manyate anāsvāditapūrvāṇi vane nityanivāsinā

21. ca tāni āsvādya,
tejasvī vane nityanivāsinā,
phalāni anāsvāditapūrvāṇi iti sma manyate

21. And having tasted those, the radiant sage (tejasvī) thought that these fruits were unlike anything he, a constant dweller in the forest (nityanivāsinā), had ever tasted before.

Words meanings summery:

• तानि (tāni) - those (neuter accusative plural)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आस्वाद्य (āsvādya) - having tasted, having enjoyed

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - the radiant sage (radiant, luminous, energetic, powerful)

• फलानि (phalāni) - fruits, results, consequences

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

• मन्यते (manyate) - he thinks, he considers

• अनास्वादितपूर्वाणि (anāsvāditapūrvāṇi) - not tasted before, unprecedented in taste

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove

• नित्यनिवासिना (nityanivāsinā) - by the sage, a constant dweller in the forest (by the constant dweller, by one who lives continuously)

Words meanings and morphology

तानि (tāni) - those (neuter accusative plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to the fruits given by the women.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आस्वाद्य (āsvādya) - having tasted, having enjoyed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'ā' + root 'svad' (causative) + suffix 'lyaP'

Prefix: ā

Root: svad (class 1)

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - the radiant sage (radiant, luminous, energetic, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - radiant, luminous, energetic, powerful, glorious

From 'tejas' (radiance, energy) + possessive suffix 'vin'

Note: Qualifies the sage.

फलानि (phalāni) - fruits, results, consequences

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Root: phal (class 1)

Note: Can also be accusative plural. Context indicates nominative here.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

Note: When combined with a present tense verb ('manyate'), it gives a past tense meaning ('he thought').

मन्यते (manyate) - he thinks, he considers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Middle Voice

Root 'man', class 4, Atmanepada, laṭ 3rd singular

Root: man (class 4)

अनास्वादितपूर्वाणि (anāsvāditapūrvāṇi) - not tasted before, unprecedented in taste

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of anāsvāditapūrva

anāsvāditapūrva - not tasted before, not enjoyed previously

Compound: 'an' (not) + 'āsvādita' (tasted) + 'pūrva' (before)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+āsvādita+pūrva)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āsvādita – tasted, enjoyed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'ā' + root 'svad' (causative) + suffix 'kta'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: svad (class 1)
• pūrva – before, previous, former
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Can also be accusative plural. Context indicates nominative here, modifying 'phalāni'.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in a grove

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, grove, wood, thicket

Root: van (class 1)

नित्यनिवासिना (nityanivāsinā) - by the sage, a constant dweller in the forest (by the constant dweller, by one who lives continuously)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nityanivāsin

nityanivāsin - constant dweller, one who lives continuously

Compound: 'nitya' (constant) + 'nivāsin' (dweller)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nitya+nivāsin)

• nitya – constant, perpetual, eternal, always
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'ni' + root 'i' (to go)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: i (class 2)
• nivāsin – dweller, inhabitant, resident
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Adjective
  From prefix 'ni' + root 'vas' (to dwell) + suffix 'ṇini'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vas (class 1)