वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-9, verse-23

गतासु तासु सर्वासु काश्यपस्यात्मजो द्विजः ।
अस्वस्थहृदयश्चासीद्दुःखं स्म परिवर्तते ॥२३॥

23. gatāsu tāsu sarvāsu kāśyapasyātmajo dvijaḥ ,
asvasthahṛdayaścāsīdduḥkhaṃ sma parivartate.

23. gatāsu tāsu sarvāsu kāśyapasya ātmajaḥ dvijaḥ
asvasthahṛdayaḥ ca āsīt duḥkham sma parivartate

23. sarvāsu tāsu gatāsu kāśyapasya ātmajaḥ dvijaḥ
ca asvasthahṛdayaḥ āsīt duḥkham sma parivartate

23. After all those women had departed, the Brahmin son of Kaśyapa became restless at heart, and sorrow repeatedly afflicted him.

Words meanings summery:

• गतासु (gatāsu) - when they (the women) had departed (having gone, departed)

• तासु (tāsu) - those (women) (in those, among those)

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - all (women) (in all, among all)

• काश्यपस्य (kāśyapasya) - of Kaśyapa

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Brahmin

• अस्वस्थहृदयः (asvasthahṛdayaḥ) - uneasy at heart, restless in mind

• च (ca) - and, also

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with present verbs

• परिवर्तते (parivartate) - sorrow repeatedly afflicted him, sorrow continued to affect him (it revolves, it turns, it changes, it appears repeatedly)

Words meanings and morphology

गतासु (gatāsu) - when they (the women) had departed (having gone, departed)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

तासु (tāsu) - those (women) (in those, among those)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Feminine locative plural of `tad`.

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - all (women) (in all, among all)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Feminine locative plural of `sarva`.

Note: Agrees with `tāsu`.

काश्यपस्य (kāśyapasya) - of Kaśyapa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - a patronymic, son of Kaśyapa (a sage)

Masculine genitive singular of `kāśyapa`.

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, daughter, born from the self (ātman)

Compound of `ātman` and `ja` (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound of `dvi` (two) and `ja` (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the son of Kaśyapa.

अस्वस्थहृदयः (asvasthahṛdayaḥ) - uneasy at heart, restless in mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asvasthahṛdaya

asvasthahṛdaya - having an uneasy heart, restless, disturbed

Bahuvrīhi compound of `a` (not), `svastha` (at ease), `hṛdaya` (heart).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+svastha+hṛdaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• svastha – healthy, at ease, comfortable, self-abiding
  adjective
  Compound of `sva` (own) and `stha` (standing/being).
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• hṛdaya – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `ātmajaḥ dvijaḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active third singular

Augment `a` + root `as` + ending `t`.

Root: as (class 2)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Subject of `parivartate`.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with present verbs

(indeclinable)

परिवर्तते (parivartate) - sorrow repeatedly afflicted him, sorrow continued to affect him (it revolves, it turns, it changes, it appears repeatedly)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present middle third singular

From root `vṛt` with prefix `pari`.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used with `sma` to denote past continuous/repeated action.