मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-32, verse-23
एवं रक्षा भवेच्छ्राद्धे कृता तातोभयोरपि ।
शावसूतकसंस्पृष्टं दीर्घरोगिभिरेव च ॥२३॥
शावसूतकसंस्पृष्टं दीर्घरोगिभिरेव च ॥२३॥
23. evaṃ rakṣā bhavecchrāddhe kṛtā tātobhayorapi .
śāvasūtakasaṃspṛṣṭaṃ dīrgharogibhireva ca.
śāvasūtakasaṃspṛṣṭaṃ dīrgharogibhireva ca.
23.
evam rakṣā bhavet śrāddhe kṛtā tāta ubhayoḥ
api śāvasūtakasaṃspṛṣṭam dīrgharogibhiḥ eva ca
api śāvasūtakasaṃspṛṣṭam dīrgharogibhiḥ eva ca
23.
Thus, O father, protection (rakṣā) is accomplished in the śrāddha for both [the performer and the ancestors]. Yet, [the śrāddha is also spoiled if] contaminated by impurity from a corpse or birth, and indeed, by those with chronic diseases.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एवम् (evam) - Referring to the protective actions mentioned in the previous verse (thus, in this manner, so)
- रक्षा (rakṣā) - The act of safeguarding the ritual (protection, defense, preservation)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - It would be established, achieved (it should be, it would be, it may exist)
- श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha (ritual)
- कृता (kṛtā) - The protection is accomplished (made, done, accomplished)
- तात (tāta) - A respectful address, typically to a father or elder (O father, O dear one)
- उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - For both the performer and the ancestors (of both, for both)
- अपि (api) - Emphasizes that this applies to 'both' (also, even, too)
- शावसूतकसंस्पृष्टम् (śāvasūtakasaṁspṛṣṭam) - Referring to the ritual being touched by these impurities (contaminated by a corpse and by birth impurity)
- दीर्घरोगिभिः (dīrgharogibhiḥ) - by those with chronic diseases, by long-term sufferers
- एव (eva) - Emphasizes that these too are sources of defilement (indeed, only)
- च (ca) - Connects this list of impurities (and, also)
Words meanings and morphology
एवम् (evam) - Referring to the protective actions mentioned in the previous verse (thus, in this manner, so)
(indeclinable)
रक्षा (rakṣā) - The act of safeguarding the ritual (protection, defense, preservation)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣā
rakṣā - protection, defense, safeguarding, care
From root `rakṣ` (to protect) + `a` suffix
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: Subject of `bhavet`.
भवेत् (bhavet) - It would be established, achieved (it should be, it would be, it may exist)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū
Optative mood, active voice
3rd person, singular
Root: bhū (class 1)
श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha (ritual)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - an ancestral ritual, an act of faith (śraddhā)
From `śraddhā` + suffix `aṇ`
कृता (kṛtā) - The protection is accomplished (made, done, accomplished)
(participle)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished
Past Passive Participle
From root `kṛ` (to do) + `ta` suffix. `kṛtā` is feminine nominative singular, agreeing with `rakṣā`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Functions adjectivally with `rakṣā`.
तात (tāta) - A respectful address, typically to a father or elder (O father, O dear one)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta
tāta - father, sire, dear one
Vocative singular form
उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - For both the performer and the ancestors (of both, for both)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of ubha
ubha - both
Genitive or locative dual form
Note: Can also be locative dual, but genitive 'for both' fits better with `rakṣā`.
अपि (api) - Emphasizes that this applies to 'both' (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
शावसूतकसंस्पृष्टम् (śāvasūtakasaṁspṛṣṭam) - Referring to the ritual being touched by these impurities (contaminated by a corpse and by birth impurity)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śāvasūtakasaṃspṛṣṭa
śāvasūtakasaṁspṛṣṭa - touched or contaminated by a corpse or by birth impurity
Past Passive Participle
`śāva` (corpse) + `sūtaka` (birth impurity) + `saṃspṛṣṭa` (touched). It is a compound where `saṃspṛṣṭa` modifies something that is 'by śāva and sūtaka'
Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (śāva+sūtaka+saṃspṛṣṭa)
- śāva – corpse, dead body
noun (masculine)
Root: śū (class 1) - sūtaka – impurity from birth or death, defilement
noun (neuter)
From `sū` (to bear, bring forth) + `taka` suffix
Root: sū (class 2) - saṃspṛṣṭa – touched, contaminated, soiled
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From `sam` + root `spṛś` (to touch) + `ta` suffix
Prefix: sam
Root: spṛś (class 6)
Note: Can function as a noun 'that which is touched/contaminated'.
दीर्घरोगिभिः (dīrgharogibhiḥ) - by those with chronic diseases, by long-term sufferers
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of dīrgharogin
dīrgharogin - one suffering from a chronic or long-term disease
Derived from `dīrgha` (long) + `roga` (disease) + `in` (possessive suffix)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (dīrgha+roga)
- dīrgha – long, protracted, chronic
adjective (masculine) - roga – disease, sickness, ailment
noun (masculine)
From root `ruj` (to break, cause pain) + `a` suffix
Root: ruj (class 6)
Note: Indicates the agent of contamination.
एव (eva) - Emphasizes that these too are sources of defilement (indeed, only)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - Connects this list of impurities (and, also)
(indeclinable)