मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-32, verse-22
श्वा चैव हन्ति श्राद्धानि यातुधानाश्च दर्शनात् ।
तस्मात् सुसंवृतो दद्यात्तिलैश्चावकिरन्महीम् ॥२२॥
तस्मात् सुसंवृतो दद्यात्तिलैश्चावकिरन्महीम् ॥२२॥
22. śvā caiva hanti śrāddhāni yātudhānāśca darśanāt .
tasmāt susaṃvṛto dadyāttilaiścāvakiranmahīm.
tasmāt susaṃvṛto dadyāttilaiścāvakiranmahīm.
22.
śvā ca eva hanti śrāddhāni yātudhānāḥ ca darśanāt
tasmāt susaṃvṛtaḥ dadyāt tilaiḥ ca avakiran mahīm
tasmāt susaṃvṛtaḥ dadyāt tilaiḥ ca avakiran mahīm
22.
A dog and demons (yātudhānāḥ) also spoil śrāddha (rituals) merely by their sight. Therefore, one should perform the offering (dadyāt) while being very well-guarded (susasaṃvṛtaḥ) and scattering sesame seeds (tilaiḥ) on the ground (mahīm).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- श्वा (śvā) - dog
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - Emphasizes the dog's spoiling effect (indeed, only)
- हन्ति (hanti) - spoils, renders ineffective (he/she/it kills, harms, destroys)
- श्राद्धानि (śrāddhāni) - Plural of `śrāddha`, referring to multiple such ancestral rites (śrāddha rituals)
- यातुधानाः (yātudhānāḥ) - demons, evil spirits, sorcerers
- च (ca) - and, also
- दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - Merely by being seen or by their presence (by sight, from seeing, by appearance)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason
- सुसंवृतः (susaṁvṛtaḥ) - Referring to the person performing the ritual, who should be well-guarded or in a well-protected state/place (well-covered, well-protected, careful, controlled)
- दद्यात् (dadyāt) - Should perform the offering (he/she/it should give, should offer)
- तिलैः (tilaiḥ) - Sesame seeds are traditionally used in śrāddha rituals (with sesame seeds)
- च (ca) - and, also
- अवकिरन् (avakiran) - Scattering sesame seeds (scattering, strewing, sprinkling)
- महीम् (mahīm) - On the ground where the ritual is performed (the earth, the ground)
Words meanings and morphology
श्वा (śvā) - dog
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan
śvan - dog
`śvā` is the nominative singular form
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - Emphasizes the dog's spoiling effect (indeed, only)
(indeclinable)
हन्ति (hanti) - spoils, renders ineffective (he/she/it kills, harms, destroys)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han
Present tense, active voice
3rd person, singular
Root: han (class 2)
श्राद्धानि (śrāddhāni) - Plural of `śrāddha`, referring to multiple such ancestral rites (śrāddha rituals)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of śrāddha
śrāddha - an ancestral ritual, an act of faith (śraddhā)
Note: Also nominative plural. Here accusative, as the object of `hanti`.
यातुधानाः (yātudhānāḥ) - demons, evil spirits, sorcerers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yātudhāna
yātudhāna - demon, goblin, evil spirit, sorcerer
From `yātu` (sorcery) + `dhāna` (holder)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yātu+dhāna)
- yātu – sorcery, magic, mischief
noun (masculine)
Root: yā (class 2) - dhāna – containing, holding, receptacle
noun (neuter)
From root `dhā` (to place, hold) + `ana` suffix
Root: dhā (class 3)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - Merely by being seen or by their presence (by sight, from seeing, by appearance)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of darśana
darśana - seeing, sight, vision, appearance, perception
From root `dṛś` (to see) + `ana` suffix
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Used to indicate cause or means.
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason
(indeclinable)
`tasmāt` is the ablative singular form (masculine/neuter)
Note: Functions as an indeclinable conjunction here.
सुसंवृतः (susaṁvṛtaḥ) - Referring to the person performing the ritual, who should be well-guarded or in a well-protected state/place (well-covered, well-protected, careful, controlled)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃvṛta
susaṁvṛta - well-covered, well-protected, well-enclosed, restrained, careful
Past Passive Participle
From `su` (good, well) + `sam` + root `vṛ` (to cover, enclose) + `ta` suffix
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃvṛta)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable
Prefix - saṃvṛta – covered, enclosed, restrained, controlled
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From `sam` + root `vṛ` (to cover) + `ta` suffix
Prefix: sam
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Modifies the implied agent of `dadyāt`.
दद्यात् (dadyāt) - Should perform the offering (he/she/it should give, should offer)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dā
Optative mood, active voice
3rd person, singular
Root: dā (class 3)
तिलैः (tilaiḥ) - Sesame seeds are traditionally used in śrāddha rituals (with sesame seeds)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tila
tila - sesame seed, sesame plant
Note: Indicates the means by which scattering is done.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
अवकिरन् (avakiran) - Scattering sesame seeds (scattering, strewing, sprinkling)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avakirat
avakirat - scattering, strewing
Present Active Participle
From `ava` + root `kṛ` (to scatter) + `śatṛ` suffix. `avakiran` is the nominative singular masculine form
Prefix: ava
Root: kṛ (class 6)
महीम् (mahīm) - On the ground where the ritual is performed (the earth, the ground)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī
mahī - earth, ground, land
Root: mah (class 1)
Note: Object of scattering.