मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-32, verse-21
नग्नाः पातकिनश्चैव हन्युर्दृष्ट्या पितृक्रियाम् ।
अपुमानपविद्धश्च कुक्कुटो ग्रामशूकरः ॥२१॥
अपुमानपविद्धश्च कुक्कुटो ग्रामशूकरः ॥२१॥
21. nagnāḥ pātakinaścaiva hanyurdṛṣṭyā pitṛkriyām .
apumānapaviddhaśca kukkuṭo grāmaśūkaraḥ.
apumānapaviddhaśca kukkuṭo grāmaśūkaraḥ.
21.
nagnāḥ pātakinaḥ ca eva hanyuḥ dṛṣṭyā pitṛkriyām
apumān apaviddhaḥ ca kukkuṭaḥ grāmaśūkaraḥ
apumān apaviddhaḥ ca kukkuṭaḥ grāmaśūkaraḥ
21.
Indeed, naked people and sinful people (pātakinaḥ) spoil the ancestral ritual (pitṛkriyā) merely by their sight. Also, an impotent person, an abandoned person, a rooster, and a village pig [are similarly detrimental].
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नग्नाः (nagnāḥ) - Refers to people who are naked (naked (ones))
- पातकिनः (pātakinaḥ) - People who have committed grave sins (sinful ones, offenders)
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - Emphasizes that sight alone is enough to spoil the ritual (indeed, only, certainly)
- हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - They would spoil or render ineffective (they would kill, they would harm, they would destroy)
- दृष्ट्या (dṛṣṭyā) - By their mere presence or glance (by sight, by looking, through vision)
- पितृक्रियाम् (pitṛkriyām) - Refers to the śrāddha ritual (the ancestral ritual, the ritual for fathers/ancestors)
- अपुमान् (apumān) - not a man, impotent person, eunuch
- अपविद्धः (apaviddhaḥ) - An outcast or rejected person (abandoned, cast away, rejected)
- च (ca) - and, also
- कुक्कुटः (kukkuṭaḥ) - cock, rooster
- ग्रामशूकरः (grāmaśūkaraḥ) - village pig
Words meanings and morphology
नग्नाः (nagnāḥ) - Refers to people who are naked (naked (ones))
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of nagna
nagna - naked, nude
Root: nah (class 4)
पातकिनः (pātakinaḥ) - People who have committed grave sins (sinful ones, offenders)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pātakin
pātakin - sinner, criminal, one who commits a grave sin
From `pātaka` (sin) + suffix `in`
Root: pat (class 1)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - Emphasizes that sight alone is enough to spoil the ritual (indeed, only, certainly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used for emphasis.
हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - They would spoil or render ineffective (they would kill, they would harm, they would destroy)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han
Optative mood, active voice
3rd person, plural
Root: han (class 2)
दृष्ट्या (dṛṣṭyā) - By their mere presence or glance (by sight, by looking, through vision)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭi
dṛṣṭi - sight, vision, glance, view
From root `dṛś` (to see) + `ti` suffix
Root: dṛś (class 1)
पितृक्रियाम् (pitṛkriyām) - Refers to the śrāddha ritual (the ancestral ritual, the ritual for fathers/ancestors)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of pitṛkriyā
pitṛkriyā - ritual for ancestors, ancestral rites
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+kriyā)
- pitṛ – father, ancestor
noun (masculine) - kriyā – action, deed, ritual, performance
noun (feminine)
From root `kṛ` (to do) + `yā` suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अपुमान् (apumān) - not a man, impotent person, eunuch
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of apumān
apumān - not a man, impotent person, eunuch
From `a` (negative prefix) + `pumān` (man)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+puṃs)
- a – not, un-, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - puṃs – man, male, human being
noun (masculine)
`pumān` is the nominative singular form of `puṃs`
अपविद्धः (apaviddhaḥ) - An outcast or rejected person (abandoned, cast away, rejected)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of apaviddha
apaviddha - abandoned, cast away, rejected
Past Passive Participle
From `apa` + `vi` + root `vyadh` (to pierce, strike) in a sense of 'cast aside'
Prefixes: apa+vi
Root: vyadh (class 4)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
कुक्कुटः (kukkuṭaḥ) - cock, rooster
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kukkuṭa
kukkuṭa - a cock, rooster
ग्रामशूकरः (grāmaśūkaraḥ) - village pig
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of grāmaśūkara
grāmaśūkara - a village pig, domestic pig
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāma+śūkara)
- grāma – village, community
noun (masculine) - śūkara – pig, boar
noun (masculine)
From root `śū` (to swell, grow) + `kara` (maker)
Root: śū (class 1)