मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-27, verse-19
ज्ञेयाग्निविस्फुलिङ्गानां बीजचेष्टा च शाल्मलेः ।
चन्द्रसूर्यस्वरूपेण नीत्यर्थे पृथिवीक्षिता ॥१९॥
चन्द्रसूर्यस्वरूपेण नीत्यर्थे पृथिवीक्षिता ॥१९॥
19. jñeyāgnivisphuliṅgānāṃ bījaceṣṭā ca śālmaleḥ .
candrasūryasvarūpeṇa nītyarthe pṛthivīkṣitā.
candrasūryasvarūpeṇa nītyarthe pṛthivīkṣitā.
19.
jñeyā agnivisphuliṅgānām bījaceṣṭā ca śālmalēḥ
candrasūryasvarūpeṇa nītyarthe pṛthivīkṣitā
candrasūryasvarūpeṇa nītyarthe pṛthivīkṣitā
19.
For the sake of statecraft (nīti), a king should understand the nature of fire sparks, the activity of the seed of the silk-cotton tree, and the forms of the moon and the sun.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ज्ञेया (jñeyā) - should be known, knowable, ought to be understood
- अग्निविस्फुलिङ्गानाम् (agnivisphuliṅgānām) - of fire sparks
- बीजचेष्टा (bījaceṣṭā) - the development from a seed (seed-activity, the effort/growth of a seed)
- च (ca) - and, also
- शाल्मलेः (śālmalēḥ) - of the silk-cotton tree
- चन्द्रसूर्यस्वरूपेण (candrasūryasvarūpeṇa) - by observing the consistent and powerful nature of the moon and sun (by the form/nature of the moon and sun)
- नीत्यर्थे (nītyarthe) - for the sake of statecraft (nīti) (for the purpose of policy, for statecraft, for righteousness)
- पृथिवीक्षिता (pṛthivīkṣitā) - by the king, by the protector of the earth
Words meanings and morphology
ज्ञेया (jñeyā) - should be known, knowable, ought to be understood
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of jñeya
jñeya - to be known, knowable, to be understood
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
From root `jñā` (to know) with suffix `eya`.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Acts predicatively, implying 'is to be known'.
अग्निविस्फुलिङ्गानाम् (agnivisphuliṅgānām) - of fire sparks
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of agnivisphuliṅga
agnivisphuliṅga - fire spark
Compound of `agni` (fire) and `visphuliṅga` (spark).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (agni+visphuliṅga)
- agni – fire
noun (masculine) - visphuliṅga – spark
noun (masculine/neuter)
Note: Modifies an implied feminine noun (e.g., `śakti` or `vṛtti` meaning 'power' or 'nature') which `jñeyā` would agree with.
बीजचेष्टा (bījaceṣṭā) - the development from a seed (seed-activity, the effort/growth of a seed)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bījaceṣṭā
bījaceṣṭā - seed's activity, growth of a seed
Compound of `bīja` (seed) and `ceṣṭā` (activity).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bīja+ceṣṭā)
- bīja – seed
noun (neuter) - ceṣṭā – activity, effort, movement
noun (feminine)
Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)
Note: Subject of `jñeyā` (is to be known).
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
शाल्मलेः (śālmalēḥ) - of the silk-cotton tree
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of śālmalī
śālmalī - silk-cotton tree (Bombax ceiba)
Note: Modifies `bījaceṣṭā`.
चन्द्रसूर्यस्वरूपेण (candrasūryasvarūpeṇa) - by observing the consistent and powerful nature of the moon and sun (by the form/nature of the moon and sun)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of candrasūryasvarūpa
candrasūryasvarūpa - the nature/form of the moon and sun
Compound of `candra` (moon), `sūrya` (sun), and `svarūpa` (own form/nature).
Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (candra+sūrya+svarūpa)
- candra – moon
noun (masculine) - sūrya – sun
noun (masculine) - svarūpa – own form, nature, essence
noun (neuter)
Note: Indicates the manner or means by which the knowledge is to be gained or applied.
नीत्यर्थे (nītyarthe) - for the sake of statecraft (nīti) (for the purpose of policy, for statecraft, for righteousness)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of nītyartha
nītyartha - purpose of policy/justice/morality
Compound of `nīti` (policy, justice, morality, natural law) and `artha` (purpose, meaning, wealth).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nīti+artha)
- nīti – policy, conduct, justice, natural law
noun (feminine)
From root `nī` (to lead).
Root: nī (class 1) - artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: Expresses purpose.
पृथिवीक्षिता (pṛthivīkṣitā) - by the king, by the protector of the earth
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of pṛthivīkṣit
pṛthivīkṣit - king, protector of the earth
Compound of `pṛthivī` (earth) and `kṣit` (ruler/protector, from root `kṣi`).
Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+kṣit)
- pṛthivī – earth
noun (feminine) - kṣit – ruler, protector
noun (masculine)
Derived from root kṣi (to rule, possess).
Root: kṣi (class 1)
Note: Agent of the action 'should be known'.