मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-27, verse-7
दुष्टादुष्टांश्च जानीयादमात्यानरिदोषतः ।
चरैश्चरास्तथा शत्रोरन्वेष्टव्याः प्रयत्नतः ॥७॥
चरैश्चरास्तथा शत्रोरन्वेष्टव्याः प्रयत्नतः ॥७॥
7. duṣṭāduṣṭāṃśca jānīyādamātyānaridoṣataḥ .
caraiścarāstathā śatroranveṣṭavyāḥ prayatnataḥ.
caraiścarāstathā śatroranveṣṭavyāḥ prayatnataḥ.
7.
duṣṭān aduṣṭān ca jānīyāt amātyān aridoṣataḥ
caraiḥ carāḥ tathā śatroḥ anveṣṭavyāḥ prayatnataḥ
caraiḥ carāḥ tathā śatroḥ anveṣṭavyāḥ prayatnataḥ
7.
One should ascertain ministers, both corrupt and incorrupt, by observing how the enemies exploit their weaknesses. Similarly, the enemy's spies (cara) should be diligently sought out by means of (one's own) spies (cara).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दुष्टान् (duṣṭān) - Corrupt or disloyal (ministers). (corrupt, wicked, evil, bad)
- अदुष्टान् (aduṣṭān) - Uncorrupt or loyal (ministers). (uncorrupt, not wicked, good, loyal)
- च (ca) - Connects "corrupt" and "uncorrupt". (and, also)
- जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - one should know, should recognize, should discern
- अमात्यान् (amātyān) - Ministers of the king. (ministers, counselors, companions)
- अरिदोषतः (aridoṣataḥ) - By observing the flaws or actions of enemies, one can discern the character of ministers. (from the faults of enemies, due to enemies' weaknesses)
- चरैः (caraiḥ) - By means of one's own spies. (by spies, by wanderers)
- चराः (carāḥ) - Spies of the enemy. (spies, wanderers)
- तथा (tathā) - Introduces the second part of the instruction. (so, similarly, thus)
- शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - Belongs to 'carāḥ' (enemy's spies). (of the enemy, from the enemy)
- अन्वेष्टव्याः (anveṣṭavyāḥ) - The enemy's spies are to be identified and investigated. (to be sought out, to be investigated, to be searched for)
- प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully
Words meanings and morphology
दुष्टान् (duṣṭān) - Corrupt or disloyal (ministers). (corrupt, wicked, evil, bad)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of duṣṭa
duṣṭa - wicked, bad, corrupt, spoiled, vicious
Past Passive Participle
From √duṣ 'to be bad, faulty' + -ta.
Root: duṣ (class 4)
अदुष्टान् (aduṣṭān) - Uncorrupt or loyal (ministers). (uncorrupt, not wicked, good, loyal)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of aduṣṭa
aduṣṭa - not wicked, uncorrupt, good, pure
Past Passive Participle
Compound of a (negation) and duṣṭa (wicked).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+duṣṭa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - duṣṭa – wicked, bad, corrupt, spoiled, vicious
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From √duṣ 'to be bad, faulty' + -ta.
Root: duṣ (class 4)
च (ca) - Connects "corrupt" and "uncorrupt". (and, also)
(indeclinable)
जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - one should know, should recognize, should discern
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of jñā
Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice
From √jñā 'to know'.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Implied subject is "the king" or "one".
अमात्यान् (amātyān) - Ministers of the king. (ministers, counselors, companions)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya
amātya - minister, counselor, companion, friend, kinsman
From ama (together with) + -tya (suffix).
अरिदोषतः (aridoṣataḥ) - By observing the flaws or actions of enemies, one can discern the character of ministers. (from the faults of enemies, due to enemies' weaknesses)
(indeclinable)
Compound of ari (enemy) and doṣa (fault, defect). The suffix -taḥ indicates "from/by means of".
Compound type : tatpurusha (ari+doṣa)
- ari – enemy, foe, adversary
noun (masculine) - doṣa – fault, defect, vice, sin, blemish
noun (masculine)
From √duṣ 'to be bad'.
Root: duṣ (class 4)
Note: Ablative suffix -taḥ indicating cause or means.
चरैः (caraiḥ) - By means of one's own spies. (by spies, by wanderers)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of cara
cara - spy, wanderer, messenger, follower
From √car 'to move, go'.
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Indicates the instrument for searching.
चराः (carāḥ) - Spies of the enemy. (spies, wanderers)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of cara
cara - spy, wanderer, messenger, follower
From √car 'to move, go'.
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'anveṣṭavyāḥ'.
तथा (tathā) - Introduces the second part of the instruction. (so, similarly, thus)
(indeclinable)
शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - Belongs to 'carāḥ' (enemy's spies). (of the enemy, from the enemy)
(noun)
masculine, singular of śatru
śatru - enemy, foe, rival
From √śat 'to hurt, injure'.
Root: śat (class 1)
Note: Possessive, "of the enemy".
अन्वेष्टव्याः (anveṣṭavyāḥ) - The enemy's spies are to be identified and investigated. (to be sought out, to be investigated, to be searched for)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of anveṣṭavya
anveṣṭavya - to be sought, to be investigated, to be searched for
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
From anu-√iṣ 'to seek, wish' + -tavya.
Prefix: anu
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Predicate adjective, forming a passive construction.
प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully
(indeclinable)
From prayatna (effort) + -taḥ (ablative/adverbial suffix).