मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-27, verse-30
एतद्राज्ञः परं कृत्यं तथैतत् सिद्धिकारकम् ।
स्वधर्मस्थापनं नृणां चाल्यन्ते ये कुबुद्धिभिः ॥३०॥
स्वधर्मस्थापनं नृणां चाल्यन्ते ये कुबुद्धिभिः ॥३०॥
30. etadrājñaḥ paraṃ kṛtyaṃ tathaitat siddhikārakam .
svadharmasthāpanaṃ nṛṇāṃ cālyante ye kubuddhibhiḥ.
svadharmasthāpanaṃ nṛṇāṃ cālyante ye kubuddhibhiḥ.
30.
etad rājñaḥ param kṛtyam tathā etad siddhikārakam
| svadharmasthāpanam nṛṇām cālyante ye kubuddhibhiḥ
| svadharmasthāpanam nṛṇām cālyante ye kubuddhibhiḥ
30.
This is the supreme duty (kṛtya) of a king, and it is also the cause of success: establishing the intrinsic nature (dharma) of those people who are misguided by evil intentions.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतद् (etad) - this, this (is)
- राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king
- परम् (param) - supreme, highest
- कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty, deed, action (to be done)
- तथा (tathā) - and, likewise
- एतद् (etad) - this, this (is)
- सिद्धिकारकम् (siddhikārakam) - causing success, effecting accomplishment
- स्वधर्मस्थापनम् (svadharmasthāpanam) - the establishment of one's own natural law (svadharma)
- नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
- चाल्यन्ते (cālyante) - they are moved, they are agitated, they are swayed
- ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)
- कुबुद्धिभिः (kubuddhibhiḥ) - by evil minds, by those with bad intentions
Words meanings and morphology
एतद् (etad) - this, this (is)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this (near object or idea)
Note: Predicate nominative for an implied 'is'.
राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Root: rāj (class 1)
परम् (param) - supreme, highest
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, supreme, highest, ultimate
कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty, deed, action (to be done)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtya
kṛtya - duty, action, what is to be done, obligation
Gerundive (passive future participle)
From root `kṛ` (to do) + `tya` suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तथा (tathā) - and, likewise
(indeclinable)
एतद् (etad) - this, this (is)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this (near object or idea)
Note: Predicate nominative for an implied 'is'.
सिद्धिकारकम् (siddhikārakam) - causing success, effecting accomplishment
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of siddhikāraka
siddhikāraka - effecting success, causing accomplishment
From `siddhi` (accomplishment) + `kāraka` (causing/maker)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (siddhi+kāraka)
- siddhi – success, accomplishment, perfection, supernatural power
noun (feminine)
From root `sidh` (to succeed)
Root: sidh (class 4) - kāraka – maker, doer, causing, agent
adjective (masculine)
From root `kṛ` (to do) + `aka` suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
स्वधर्मस्थापनम् (svadharmasthāpanam) - the establishment of one's own natural law (svadharma)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of svadharmasthāpana
svadharmasthāpana - establishment of one's own constitution (svadharma), establishing one's own duty
From `sva` (own) + `dharma` (natural law) + `sthāpana` (establishment)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svadharma+sthāpana)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun - dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - sthāpana – placing, establishing, founding, fixing
noun (neuter)
From root `sthā` (to stand) with causative + `ana` suffix
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: This noun clarifies what 'etad' refers to.
नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, person, human being
Root-like noun.
Note: Refers to the people whose svadharma needs to be established.
चाल्यन्ते (cālyante) - they are moved, they are agitated, they are swayed
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of cāl
Present, passive, middle voice
Causative stem of `cal` (to move) + passive suffix `ya` + middle voice endings.
Root: cal (class 1)
Note: The agent (by whom they are swayed) is in the instrumental case (`kubuddhibhiḥ`).
ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which
Relative pronoun.
Note: Subject of the passive verb `cālyante`.
कुबुद्धिभिः (kubuddhibhiḥ) - by evil minds, by those with bad intentions
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, plural of kubuddhi
kubuddhi - bad intellect, evil mind, ill intention
From `ku` (bad) + `buddhi` (intellect)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (ku+buddhi)
- ku – bad, evil, contemptible (prefix)
indeclinable - buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, reason
noun (feminine)
From root `budh` (to know)
Root: budh (class 1)
Note: Agent of the passive verb `cālyante`.