मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-27, verse-11
यस्त्वेतानविजित्यैव वैरिणो विजिगीषते ।
सोऽजितात्मा जितामात्यः शत्रुवर्गेण बाध्यते ॥११॥
सोऽजितात्मा जितामात्यः शत्रुवर्गेण बाध्यते ॥११॥
11. yastvetānavijityaiva vairiṇo vijigīṣate .
so'jitātmā jitāmātyaḥ śatruvargeṇa bādhyate.
so'jitātmā jitāmātyaḥ śatruvargeṇa bādhyate.
11.
yaḥ tu etān avijitya eva vairiṇaḥ vijigīṣate
saḥ ajitātmā jitāmātyaḥ śatruvargena bādhyate
saḥ ajitātmā jitāmātyaḥ śatruvargena bādhyate
11.
However, whoever seeks to conquer external enemies without first having conquered these internal ones (self, ministers, servants, and citizens), that person, whose own self (ātman) remains unconquered and whose ministers have been overcome, is tormented by the hostile factions.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever.
- तु (tu) - introduces a contrast. (but, on the other hand, indeed.)
- एतान् (etān) - these (internal factors like self, ministers, servants, citizens from previous verse). (these (masculine plural accusative).)
- अविजित्य (avijitya) - without conquering, having not conquered.
- एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, only, just.)
- वैरिणः (vairiṇaḥ) - external enemies. (enemies.)
- विजिगीषते (vijigīṣate) - desires to conquer, wishes to be victorious.
- सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine singular nominative).
- अजितात्मा (ajitātmā) - referring to a king who has not mastered his own internal faculties or desires. (whose self (ātman) is unconquered.)
- जितामात्यः (jitāmātyaḥ) - referring to a king whose ministers have been subdued or won over by external enemies, or whose control over them is lost. (whose ministers are conquered/overcome.)
- शत्रुवर्गेन (śatruvargena) - by the group of enemies.
- बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is harassed, is oppressed, is afflicted.
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever.
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what.
Relative pronoun.
तु (tu) - introduces a contrast. (but, on the other hand, indeed.)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
एतान् (etān) - these (internal factors like self, ministers, servants, citizens from previous verse). (these (masculine plural accusative).)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these.
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Object of the implied gerundive in avijitya.
अविजित्य (avijitya) - without conquering, having not conquered.
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Formed from a (not) + vi (prefix) + root ji (to conquer) + lyaP (absolutive suffix).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijitya)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - vijitya – having conquered
indeclinable
Absolutive
Formed from vi (prefix) + root ji (to conquer) + lyaP suffix.
Prefix: vi
Root: ji (class 1)
एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, only, just.)
(indeclinable)
Particle for emphasis.
वैरिणः (vairiṇaḥ) - external enemies. (enemies.)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vairin
vairin - hostile, inimical; an enemy.
From vaira (enmity).
Note: Object of vijigīṣate.
विजिगीषते (vijigīṣate) - desires to conquer, wishes to be victorious.
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vijigīṣa
Desiderative, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular.
Desiderative of vi (prefix) + root ji (to conquer).
Prefix: vi
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: The desiderative implies a strong wish or intention.
सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine singular nominative).
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it.
Demonstrative pronoun, coreferential with yaḥ.
Note: Subject of bādhyate.
अजितात्मा (ajitātmā) - referring to a king who has not mastered his own internal faculties or desires. (whose self (ātman) is unconquered.)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ajitātman
ajitātman - having an unconquered self (ātman), unsubdued in spirit.
Compound of a (not) + jita (conquered, PPP of ji) + ātman (self).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jita+ātman)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - jita – conquered, won, subdued
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Formed from root ji (to conquer) + kta suffix.
Root: ji (class 1) - ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, mind
noun (masculine)
Root: an (class 2)
जितामात्यः (jitāmātyaḥ) - referring to a king whose ministers have been subdued or won over by external enemies, or whose control over them is lost. (whose ministers are conquered/overcome.)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jitāmātya
jitāmātya - one whose ministers are conquered/overcome (by enemies).
Compound of jita (conquered, PPP of ji) + āmātya (minister).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+āmātya)
- jita – conquered, won, subdued
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Formed from root ji (to conquer) + kta suffix.
Root: ji (class 1) - āmātya – minister, companion, official
noun (masculine)
From amā (at home, together) + tyat suffix, or from amātya (household).
शत्रुवर्गेन (śatruvargena) - by the group of enemies.
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of śatruvarga
śatruvarga - group of enemies, hostile faction.
Compound of śatru (enemy) + varga (group).
Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+varga)
- śatru – enemy, adversary
noun (masculine) - varga – group, class, multitude, division
noun (masculine)
Root: vṛj (class 1)
Note: Agent of the passive verb bādhyate.
बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is harassed, is oppressed, is afflicted.
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bādh
Present Tense, Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular.
Root bādh (class 1, often used in middle voice).
Root: bādh (class 1)
Note: Used in the passive sense.