मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-27, verse-8
विश्वासो न तु कर्तव्यो राज्ञा मित्राप्तबन्धुषु ।
कार्ययोगादमित्रेऽपि विश्वसीत नराधिपः ॥८॥
कार्ययोगादमित्रेऽपि विश्वसीत नराधिपः ॥८॥
8. viśvāso na tu kartavyo rājñā mitrāptabandhuṣu .
kāryayogādamitre'pi viśvasīta narādhipaḥ.
kāryayogādamitre'pi viśvasīta narādhipaḥ.
8.
viśvāsaḥ na tu kartavyaḥ rājñā mitrāptabandhuṣu
kāryayogāt amitre api viśvasīta narādhipaḥ
kāryayogāt amitre api viśvasīta narādhipaḥ
8.
However, a king should not place trust in friends, trusted associates, or relatives. But even in an enemy, a ruler (narādhipa) may place trust if the exigencies of a task require it.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विश्वासः (viśvāsaḥ) - trust, confidence, faith
- न (na) - Negates the action of placing trust. (not, no)
- तु (tu) - Introduces a contrast or emphasis. (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - To be placed (trust). (to be done, to be performed, should be done)
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - Agent of the passive verb. (by the king, of the king)
- मित्राप्तबन्धुषु (mitrāptabandhuṣu) - in friends, trusted ones, and relatives
- कार्ययोगात् (kāryayogāt) - Indicates the condition under which trust in an enemy might be permissible. (due to the exigencies of a task, by the connection of a purpose, if the situation demands)
- अमित्रे (amitre) - in an enemy, among enemies
- अपि (api) - Emphasizes "even in an enemy." (also, even, too)
- विश्वसीत (viśvasīta) - he should trust, one should trust, he may trust
- नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men, sovereign
Words meanings and morphology
विश्वासः (viśvāsaḥ) - trust, confidence, faith
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāsa
viśvāsa - trust, confidence, faith, reliance
From vi-√śvas 'to trust'.
Prefix: vi
Root: śvas (class 2)
न (na) - Negates the action of placing trust. (not, no)
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - Introduces a contrast or emphasis. (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - To be placed (trust). (to be done, to be performed, should be done)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya
kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
From √kṛ 'to do, make' + -tavya.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Predicate adjective, forming a passive construction.
राज्ञा (rājñā) - Agent of the passive verb. (by the king, of the king)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign
From √rāj 'to rule'.
Root: rāj (class 1)
Note: Agent of the gerundive 'kartavyaḥ'.
मित्राप्तबन्धुषु (mitrāptabandhuṣu) - in friends, trusted ones, and relatives
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of mitrāptabandhu
mitrāptabandhu - friends, trusted ones, and relatives (collectively)
Dvandva compound of mitra (friend), āpta (trusted one), and bandhu (relative).
Compound type : dvandva (mitra+āpta+bandhu)
- mitra – friend, companion, ally
noun (masculine) - āpta – trusted, reliable, authentic, acquired
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From √āp 'to obtain, reach'. Here used as noun 'trusted person'.
Root: āp (class 5) - bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
noun (masculine)
Note: Location for placing trust.
कार्ययोगात् (kāryayogāt) - Indicates the condition under which trust in an enemy might be permissible. (due to the exigencies of a task, by the connection of a purpose, if the situation demands)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kāryayoga
kāryayoga - connection with a purpose, exigency of a task, business engagement
Compound of kārya (task, duty) and yoga (connection, application, exigency).
Compound type : tatpurusha (kārya+yoga)
- kārya – to be done, duty, business, purpose, task
noun (neuter)
Gerundive
From √kṛ 'to do, make' + -ya.
Root: kṛ (class 8) - yoga – union, connection, application, effort, means, method, exigency
noun (masculine)
From √yuj 'to join'.
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Functions adverbially.
अमित्रे (amitre) - in an enemy, among enemies
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of amitra
amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend
Compound of a (negation) and mitra (friend).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - mitra – friend, companion, ally
noun (masculine)
अपि (api) - Emphasizes "even in an enemy." (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
विश्वसीत (viśvasīta) - he should trust, one should trust, he may trust
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of viśvas
Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice
From vi-√śvas 'to trust'.
Prefix: vi
Root: śvas (class 2)
Note: Subject is 'narādhipaḥ'.
नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men, sovereign
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa
narādhipa - king, ruler of men, sovereign
Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (ruler).
Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)
- nara – man, human being
noun (masculine) - adhipa – ruler, lord, master
noun (masculine)
From adhi-√pā 'to protect, rule'.
Prefix: adhi
Root: pā (class 2)