मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-122, verse-31
स्त्रियाः समक्षं विजितः पतितो धरणीतले ।
स्त्रीपतिर्भविता भूयस्तातैतदतिदुष्करम् ॥३१॥
स्त्रीपतिर्भविता भूयस्तातैतदतिदुष्करम् ॥३१॥
31. striyāḥ samakṣaṃ vijitaḥ patito dharaṇītale .
strīpatirbhavitā bhūyastātaitadatiduṣkaram.
strīpatirbhavitā bhūyastātaitadatiduṣkaram.
31.
striyāḥ samakṣam vijitaḥ patitaḥ dharaṇītale
strīpatiḥ bhavitā bhūyaḥ tāta etat atiduṣkaram
strīpatiḥ bhavitā bhūyaḥ tāta etat atiduṣkaram
31.
To be defeated and fall to the ground in a woman's presence, and then to become a husband again – father, this is exceedingly difficult.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्त्रियाः (striyāḥ) - of a woman, by a woman
- समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before, facing
- विजितः (vijitaḥ) - defeated, conquered
- पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, dropped
- धरणीतले (dharaṇītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground
- स्त्रीपतिः (strīpatiḥ) - husband (lit. master of a woman)
- भविता (bhavitā) - will be, will become
- भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further
- तात (tāta) - father, dear one
- एतत् (etat) - this
- अतिदुष्करम् (atiduṣkaram) - very difficult, exceedingly hard
Words meanings and morphology
स्त्रियाः (striyāḥ) - of a woman, by a woman
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of strī
strī - woman, female
Note: With `samakṣam`, means 'in the presence of a woman'.
समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before, facing
(indeclinable)
Compound `sam-akṣa` (with eyes, before eyes).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (sam+akṣa)
- sam – with, together, complete
indeclinable - akṣa – eye
noun (neuter)
Note: Functions as an adverbial phrase.
विजितः (vijitaḥ) - defeated, conquered
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vijita
vijita - conquered, defeated, overcome
Past Passive Participle
From `vi-` + `√ji` + `kta` (P.P.P. suffix).
Prefix: vi
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the speaker).
पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, dropped
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of patita
patita - fallen, dropped, descended
Past Passive Participle
From `√pat` + `kta` (P.P.P. suffix).
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the speaker).
धरणीतले (dharaṇītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of dharaṇītala
dharaṇītala - earth's surface, ground
Compound `dharaṇī-tala`.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharaṇī+tala)
- dharaṇī – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - tala – surface, ground, bottom
noun (neuter)
Note: Indicates location where one falls.
स्त्रीपतिः (strīpatiḥ) - husband (lit. master of a woman)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of strīpati
strīpati - husband, master of a woman
Compound `strī-pati`.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (strī+pati)
- strī – woman, female
noun (feminine) - pati – master, lord, husband
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of `bhavitā`.
भविता (bhavitā) - will be, will become
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, future (luṭ) of bhū
Periphrastic Future
Agent noun from `√bhū` + `tṛc` suffix, used as a future verb.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: The agent is `strīpatiḥ`.
भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further
(indeclinable)
From `bhū` (to be) + `yasun` suffix (comparative/adverbial).
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Modifies `bhavitā`.
तात (tāta) - father, dear one
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta
tāta - father, dear one (term of address)
Note: An endearing address, typically to a father or elder.
एतत् (etat) - this
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this (pronoun)
Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.
अतिदुष्करम् (atiduṣkaram) - very difficult, exceedingly hard
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of atiduṣkara
atiduṣkara - very difficult, extremely hard
Compound `ati-duṣkara`.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+duṣkara)
- ati – very, exceedingly, beyond
indeclinable - duṣkara – difficult to do, hard
adjective (neuter)
Derived from `dur-` + `√kṛ` + `khaL` (or other suffix indicating 'difficult to').
Prefix: dur
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Predicate adjective for `etat`.