महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-20, verse-4

ततः प्रववृते युद्धं कुरूणां पाण्डवैः सह ।
निवृत्तानां महाराज मृत्युं कृत्वा निवर्तनम् ॥४॥

4. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ kurūṇāṁ pāṇḍavaiḥ saha ,
nivṛttānāṁ mahārāja mṛtyuṁ kṛtvā nivartanam.

4. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham kurūṇām pāṇḍavaiḥ saha
nivṛttānām mahārāja mṛtyum kṛtvā nivartanam

4. mahārāja tataḥ kurūṇām pāṇḍavaiḥ saha yuddham
pravavṛte nivṛttānām mṛtyum kṛtvā nivartanam

4. Then, O great king, the battle between the Kurus and the Pāṇḍavas resumed; for those who had previously turned back, retreat now meant facing death.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced, began, started

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus, belonging to the Kurus

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• निवृत्तानाम् (nivṛttānām) - of those who had turned back, of the retreated ones

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having considered

• निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - retreat, turning back, return

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad ('that').

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced, began, started

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of pravṛt

Perfect, Middle Voice

From the root vṛt (class 1, 'to turn') with prefix pra-. Perfect 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada (middle voice).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, combat, fight

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from the root yudh ('to fight').

Root: yudh (class 4)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus, belonging to the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants, including Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons and Pāṇḍavas)

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu (the five Pāṇḍava brothers: Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

निवृत्तानाम् (nivṛttānām) - of those who had turned back, of the retreated ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, retreated, ceased, returned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root vṛt ('to turn') with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality, the god of death

Derived from the root mṛ ('to die').

Root: mṛ (class 6)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root kṛ ('to do, make') with the suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - retreat, turning back, return

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nivartana

nivartana - turning back, retreat, return, cessation

Derived from the root vṛt ('to turn') with prefix ni- and suffix -ana.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)