महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-20, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिंस्तु निहते शूरे शाल्वे समितिशोभने ।
तवाभज्यद्बलं वेगाद्वातेनेव महाद्रुमः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasmiṁstu nihate śūre śālve samitiśobhane ,
tavābhajyadbalaṁ vegādvāteneva mahādrumaḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tasmin tu nihate śūre śālve samitiśobhane
tava abhajyat balam vegāt vātena iva mahādrumaḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca: tasmin tu śūre samitiśobhane śālve nihate,
tava balam vegāt vātena iva mahādrumaḥ abhajyat

1. Saṃjaya said: When that heroic Śālva, who was splendid in assembly and battle, was struck down, your army swiftly broke apart, just like a great tree is shattered by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that Śālva (was) (in him, when he (was))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• निहते (nihate) - when struck down, when killed

• शूरे (śūre) - in the hero, when the hero (was)

• शाल्वे (śālve) - in Śālva, when Śālva (was)

• समितिशोभने (samitiśobhane) - when the one glorious in battle was killed (in the one splendid in assembly/battle)

• तव (tava) - belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (your)

• अभज्यत् (abhajyat) - it broke, it was shattered, it dispersed

• बलम् (balam) - army, strength, force

• वेगात् (vegāt) - swiftly, with speed, from impulse

• वातेन (vātena) - by the wind

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• महाद्रुमः (mahādrumaḥ) - a great tree

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Active

Root √vac (to speak), 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb of speech.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that Śālva (was) (in him, when he (was))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle or slight contrast.

निहते (nihate) - when struck down, when killed

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill) with ni (down) + -ta (ppp suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with tasmin, śūre, śālve, samitiśobhane.

शूरे (śūre) - in the hero, when the hero (was)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Appositive to tasmin and śālve.

शाल्वे (śālve) - in Śālva, when Śālva (was)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - Śālva (name of a king)

Note: Main subject of the locative absolute construction.

समितिशोभने (samitiśobhane) - when the one glorious in battle was killed (in the one splendid in assembly/battle)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samitiśobhana

samitiśobhana - splendid in assembly, glorious in battle

Compound type : tatpurusha (samiti+śobhana)

• samiti – assembly, council, battle, encounter
  noun (feminine)
• śobhana – splendid, beautiful, glorious
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Appositive to śālve.

तव (tava) - belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun.

अभज्यत् (abhajyat) - it broke, it was shattered, it dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive/middle, imperfect (laṅ) of √bhañj

Imperfect Passive/Middle

Root √bhañj (to break), 3rd person singular imperfect passive/middle (ātmanepada)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: The army broke itself or was broken.

बलम् (balam) - army, strength, force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Note: Subject of abhajyat.

वेगात् (vegāt) - swiftly, with speed, from impulse

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Note: Adverbial usage, indicating manner.

वातेन (vātena) - by the wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air

Note: Agent of the action in comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

महाद्रुमः (mahādrumaḥ) - a great tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādruma

mahādruma - great tree, large tree

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+druma)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of comparison.