महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-20, verse-14

चापवेगबलोद्धूतान्मार्गणान्वृष्णिसिंहयोः ।
आकाशे समपश्याम पतंगानिव शीघ्रगान् ॥१४॥

14. cāpavegabaloddhūtānmārgaṇānvṛṣṇisiṁhayoḥ ,
ākāśe samapaśyāma pataṁgāniva śīghragān.

14. cāpavegabaloddhūtān mārgaṇān vr̥ṣṇisiṃhayoḥ
ākāśe samapaśyāma pataṅgān iva śīghragān

14. vṛṣṇisiṃhayoḥ cāpavegabaloddhūtān mārgaṇān ākāśe śīghragān pataṅgān iva samapaśyāma.

14. We saw in the sky the arrows, impelled by the swift force of the bow, from the two lion-like Vṛṣṇis, resembling fast-moving birds.

Words meanings summery:

• चापवेगबलोद्धूतान् (cāpavegabaloddhūtān) - impelled by the strength of the bow's speed

• मार्गणान् (mārgaṇān) - arrows

• व्र्̥ष्णिसिंहयोः (vr̥ṣṇisiṁhayoḥ) - Referring to Kṛṣṇa and Sātyaki, prominent heroes from the Vṛṣṇi clan. (of the two lion-like Vṛṣṇis)

• आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

• समपश्याम (samapaśyāma) - The narrator (Sañjaya) and possibly Dhṛtarāṣṭra (if he is included in 'we'). (we saw, we beheld)

• पतङ्गान् (pataṅgān) - birds, winged creatures

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• शीघ्रगान् (śīghragān) - fast-moving, swift-going

Words meanings and morphology

चापवेगबलोद्धूतान् (cāpavegabaloddhūtān) - impelled by the strength of the bow's speed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cāpavegabaloddhūta

cāpavegabaloddhūta - thrown or impelled by the force of bow's speed

Past Passive Participle

from ut-dhū (to shake up, propel) + kta, compounded with cāpa-vega-bala

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cāpa+vega+bala+uddhūta)

• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  from root vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij (class 6)
• bala – strength, force
  noun (neuter)
• uddhūta – shaken up, propelled, impelled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from ud-dhū (to shake, move)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)

मार्गणान् (mārgaṇān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mārgaṇa

mārgaṇa - searching, seeking; an arrow

from root mṛg (to seek, hunt)

Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: Object of samapaśyāma.

व्र्̥ष्णिसिंहयोः (vr̥ṣṇisiṁhayoḥ) - Referring to Kṛṣṇa and Sātyaki, prominent heroes from the Vṛṣṇi clan. (of the two lion-like Vṛṣṇis)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of vr̥ṣṇisiṃha

vr̥ṣṇisiṁha - a lion among the Vṛṣṇis, a great hero of the Vṛṣṇi clan

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vr̥ṣṇi+siṃha)

• vr̥ṣṇi – name of a Yadava clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to two specific individuals from the Vṛṣṇi clan.

आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, ether, space

Root: kāś (class 1)

समपश्याम (samapaśyāma) - The narrator (Sañjaya) and possibly Dhṛtarāṣṭra (if he is included in 'we'). (we saw, we beheld)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of sam-paś

root paś/dṛś with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पतङ्गान् (pataṅgān) - birds, winged creatures

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pataṅga

pataṅga - bird, flying insect, moth, sun

from pat (to fly) + ga (going)

Root: pat (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

शीघ्रगान् (śīghragān) - fast-moving, swift-going

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śīghraga

śīghraga - going quickly, swift, fast-moving

Agent noun (karaṇa)

from śīghra (quick) + ga (going, from root gam)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śīghra+ga)

• śīghra – quick, swift, fast
  adjective
• ga – going, moving (suffix)
  participle
  Agent noun suffix
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)