महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-60, verse-5

तस्यार्धचन्द्रैस्त्रिभिरुच्चकर्त प्रसह्य बाहू च शिरश्च कर्णः ।
स स्यन्दनाद्गामपतद्गतासुः परश्वधैः शाल इवावरुग्णः ॥५॥

5. tasyārdhacandraistribhiruccakarta; prasahya bāhū ca śiraśca karṇaḥ ,
sa syandanādgāmapatadgatāsuḥ; paraśvadhaiḥ śāla ivāvarugṇaḥ.

5. tasya ardha-candraiḥ tribhiḥ uccakart
prasahya bāhū ca śiraḥ ca
karṇaḥ saḥ syandanāt gām apatat
gatāsuḥ paraśvadaiḥ śālaḥ iva avarugṇaḥ

5. karṇaḥ tribhiḥ ardha-candraiḥ prasahya tasya bāhū ca śiraḥ ca uccakart.
saḥ gatāsuḥ syandanāt gām apatat paraśvadaiḥ avarugṇaḥ śālaḥ iva.

5. Karna, with three crescent-shaped arrows, forcefully severed his (Suṣeṇa's) arms and head. Lifeless, he (Suṣeṇa) fell from his chariot to the ground, like a Sal tree cut down by axes.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Suṣeṇa) (his, its, of that)

• अर्ध-चन्द्रैः (ardha-candraiḥ) - with crescent-shaped arrows (with crescent-shaped)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three, with three

• उच्चकर्त् (uccakart) - cut off, severed

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, violently, having overcome

• बाहू (bāhū) - both arms (arms)

• च (ca) - and

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• च (ca) - and

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• सः (saḥ) - he (Suṣeṇa) (he, that)

• स्यन्दनात् (syandanāt) - from the chariot

• गाम् (gām) - to the ground, earth

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down

• गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, whose life has gone

• परश्वदैः (paraśvadaiḥ) - by axes

• शालः (śālaḥ) - Sal tree

• इव (iva) - like, as

• अवरुग्णः (avarugṇaḥ) - cut down, felled

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Suṣeṇa) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Suṣeṇa, a commander of the Śini forces, as implied by the context of the larger narrative.

अर्ध-चन्द्रैः (ardha-candraiḥ) - with crescent-shaped arrows (with crescent-shaped)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ardha-candra

ardha-candra - half-moon, crescent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half
  adjective
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)

Note: Implied 'arrows' (bāṇaiḥ).

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three, with three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with ardha-candraiḥ.

उच्चकर्त् (uccakart) - cut off, severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of kṛt

Aorist

root kṛt, 3rd person singular, active voice, aorist, reduplicated

Prefix: ut

Root: kṛt (class 6)

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, violently, having overcome

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root sah, with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)

बाहू (bāhū) - both arms (arms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name); ear

Note: The subject performing the action of cutting.

सः (saḥ) - he (Suṣeṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Suṣeṇa, whose arms and head were cut off.

स्यन्दनात् (syandanāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, flowing

Root: syand (class 1)

गाम् (gām) - to the ground, earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - earth, cow, ray

Note: Here refers to the earth or ground.

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect

root pat, 3rd person singular, active voice, imperfect

Prefix: a

Root: pat (class 1)

गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, whose life has gone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - lifeless, dead

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – life, breath
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

परश्वदैः (paraśvadaiḥ) - by axes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paraśvadha

paraśvadha - axe, hatchet

शालः (śālaḥ) - Sal tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāla

śāla - Sal tree (Shorea robusta)

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

अवरुग्णः (avarugṇaḥ) - cut down, felled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaruj

avaruj - to break, to fell

Past Passive Participle

From root ruj (to break) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'śālaḥ'.