महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-60, verse-28

रथद्विपा वाजिपदातयोऽपि वा भ्रमन्ति नानाविधशस्त्रवेष्टिताः ।
परस्परेणाभिहताश्च चस्खलुर्विनेदुरार्ता व्यसवोऽपतन्त च ॥२८॥

28. rathadvipā vājipadātayo'pi vā; bhramanti nānāvidhaśastraveṣṭitāḥ ,
paraspareṇābhihatāśca caskhalu;rvinedurārtā vyasavo'patanta ca.

28. ratha-dvipāḥ vāji-padātayaḥ api vā
bhramanti nānāvidha-śastra-veṣṭitāḥ
paraspareṇa abhihatāḥ ca caskhaluḥ
vineduḥ ārtāḥ vyasavaḥ apatanta ca

28. ratha-dvipāḥ vāji-padātayaḥ api vā
nānāvidha-śastra-veṣṭitāḥ bhramanti
ca paraspareṇa abhihatāḥ caskhaluḥ
ca ārtāḥ vineduḥ ca vyasavaḥ apatanta

28. Chariots, elephants, horses, and foot soldiers, surrounded by various kinds of weapons, reeled. Struck by one another, they stumbled and cried out in distress; and then, lifeless, they fell.

Words meanings summery:

• रथ-द्विपाः (ratha-dvipāḥ) - chariots and elephants

• वाजि-पदातयः (vāji-padātayaḥ) - horses and foot soldiers

• अपि (api) - also, even

• वा (vā) - Here used to mean 'and also' or 'even'. (or)

• भ्रमन्ति (bhramanti) - they wander, they reel, they roam

• नानाविध-शस्त्र-वेष्टिताः (nānāvidha-śastra-veṣṭitāḥ) - surrounded by various kinds of weapons

• परस्परेण (paraspareṇa) - by each other, mutually

• अभिहताः (abhihatāḥ) - struck, wounded, attacked

• च (ca) - and

• चस्खलुः (caskhaluḥ) - they stumbled, they reeled, they tottered

• विनेदुः (vineduḥ) - they cried out, they wailed, they roared

• आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

• व्यसवः (vyasavaḥ) - lifeless, dead

• अपतन्त (apatanta) - they fell down

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

रथ-द्विपाः (ratha-dvipāḥ) - chariots and elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha-dvipa

ratha-dvipa - chariots and elephants (collective plural)

Dvandva compound of ratha (chariot) and dvipa (elephant, lit. 'drinker with two' - referring to its trunk).

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+dvipa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• dvipa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (two) + pa (drinker), referring to a trunk and mouth.
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of bhramanti.

वाजि-पदातयः (vāji-padātayaḥ) - horses and foot soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāji-padāti

vāji-padāti - horses and foot soldiers (collective plural)

Dvandva compound of vājin (horse) and padāti (foot soldier).

Compound type : dvandva (vājin+padāti)

• vājin – horse, swift
  noun (masculine)
  From vāja (strength, speed).
  Root: vāj
• padāti – foot soldier, infantryman
  noun (masculine)
  From pad (foot) + ati (going).
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Subject of bhramanti.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - Here used to mean 'and also' or 'even'. (or)

(indeclinable)

भ्रमन्ति (bhramanti) - they wander, they reel, they roam

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhram

Present tense, 3rd person plural

Root: bhram (class 1)

नानाविध-शस्त्र-वेष्टिताः (nānāvidha-śastra-veṣṭitāḥ) - surrounded by various kinds of weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānāvidha-śastra-veṣṭita

nānāvidha-śastra-veṣṭita - enveloped or surrounded by various types of weapons

Compound describing the state of the warriors/vehicles.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nānāvidha+śastra+veṣṭita)

• nānāvidha – various kinds, manifold
  adjective
  From nānā (various) + vidha (kind).
• śastra – weapon, instrument, sword
  noun (neuter)
  From root śas (to cut).
  Root: śas (class 2)
• veṣṭita – surrounded, encompassed, enveloped
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root veṣṭ (to surround, encircle).
  Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the subjects (ratha-dvipāḥ, vāji-padātayaḥ).

परस्परेण (paraspareṇa) - by each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Compound from para (other) and apara (another).

Compound type : dvandva (para+apara)

• para – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• apara – other, another, following
  pronoun (masculine)
  From a (neg.) + para (far).
  Prefix: a

अभिहताः (abhihatāḥ) - struck, wounded, attacked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhihata

abhihata - struck, wounded, assailed

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-han (to strike against, to wound).

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चस्खलुः (caskhaluḥ) - they stumbled, they reeled, they tottered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of skhal

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated form of the root.

Root: skhal (class 1)

विनेदुः (vineduḥ) - they cried out, they wailed, they roared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of nad

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From vi-nad. vi as intensifier.

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go, move) with prefix ā- or from root ṛt (to hurt).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

व्यसवः (vyasavaḥ) - lifeless, dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyasu

vyasu - lifeless, dead (lit. without life-breath)

Compound of vi (without, negating) and asu (life-breath, vital air).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+asu)

• vi – without, separation, negation
  indeclinable
• asu – breath, vital air, life
  noun (masculine)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the subjects.

अपतन्त (apatanta) - they fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

With augment a- for imperfect.

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)