महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-60, verse-23

ततः शिनीनामृषभः शितैः शरैर्निकृत्य कर्णप्रहितानिषून्बहून् ।
विदार्य कर्णं निशितैरयस्मयैस्तवात्मजं ज्येष्ठमविध्यदष्टभिः ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ śinīnāmṛṣabhaḥ śitaiḥ śarai;rnikṛtya karṇaprahitāniṣūnbahūn ,
vidārya karṇaṁ niśitairayasmayai;stavātmajaṁ jyeṣṭhamavidhyadaṣṭabhiḥ.

23. tataḥ śinīnām ṛṣabhaḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ
nikṛtya karṇaprahitān iṣūn bahūn
vidārya karṇam niśitaiḥ ayasmayaiḥ
tava ātmajam jyeṣṭham avidhyat aṣṭabhiḥ

23. tataḥ śinīnām ṛṣabhaḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ
karṇaprahitān bahūn iṣūn nikṛtya
karṇam vidārya niśitaiḥ ayasmayaiḥ
tava jyeṣṭham ātmajam aṣṭabhiḥ avidhyat

23. Then, the foremost warrior of the Śini clan (Sātyaki), after cutting down many arrows that Karṇa had launched with his sharp arrows, pierced Karṇa and then struck your eldest son (Duryodhana) with eight keen, iron arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• शिनीनाम् (śinīnām) - of the Śinis, among the Śinis

• ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - foremost warrior (Sātyaki) (bull, chief, excellent one, foremost)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• निकृत्य (nikṛtya) - having cut off, having destroyed

• कर्णप्रहितान् (karṇaprahitān) - sent by Karṇa, discharged by Karṇa

• इषून् (iṣūn) - arrows

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• विदार्य (vidārya) - having pierced, having torn asunder

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

• अयस्मयैः (ayasmayaiḥ) - by iron, made of iron

• तव (tava) - your

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - your son (Duryodhana) (son, born from oneself)

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - your eldest son (Duryodhana) (eldest, chief, best)

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck

• अष्टभिः (aṣṭabhiḥ) - with eight arrows (with eight)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

Ablative particle.

शिनीनाम् (śinīnām) - of the Śinis, among the Śinis

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śini

śini - Śini (name of a Yadava ancestor, hence his descendants are Śinis)

ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - foremost warrior (Sātyaki) (bull, chief, excellent one, foremost)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, chief, pre-eminent, excellent

Root: ṛṣ

Note: Subject, Sātyaki.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root `śo` (to sharpen) or `śi` (to sharpen).

Root: śo/śi (class 4)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Instrument for nikṛtya.

निकृत्य (nikṛtya) - having cut off, having destroyed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root `kṛt` (to cut) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Indicates prior action.

कर्णप्रहितान् (karṇaprahitān) - sent by Karṇa, discharged by Karṇa

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of karṇaprahita

karṇaprahita - sent by Karṇa, dispatched by Karṇa

Past Passive Participle (prahita) as part of compound

`prahita` from `pra` + `hi` (to send).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇa+prahita)

• karṇa – Karṇa (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• prahita – sent, dispatched
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `hi` (to send) with prefix `pra`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hi (class 3)

Note: Agrees with iṣūn.

इषून् (iṣūn) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Object of nikṛtya.

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Agrees with iṣūn.

विदार्य (vidārya) - having pierced, having torn asunder

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root `dṛ` (to tear, split) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior action.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper noun)

Note: Object of vidārya.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root `śo` (to sharpen) or `śi` (to sharpen) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo/śi (class 4)

Note: Agrees with ayasmayaiḥ and implied śaraiḥ.

अयस्मयैः (ayasmayaiḥ) - by iron, made of iron

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ayasmaya

ayasmaya - made of iron, iron

Derived from `ayas` (iron) with the suffix `mayaṭ` (made of).

Note: Agrees with implied śaraiḥ.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - your son (Duryodhana) (son, born from oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - born of oneself, son, daughter

From `ātman` (self) + `ja` (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective/noun
  Suffix meaning 'born from'
  Derived from root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of avidhyat.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - your eldest son (Duryodhana) (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, best, chief

Superlative form of `vṛddha` (old).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ātmajam.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced, he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of vyadh

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root `vyadh` (to pierce).

Root: vyadh (class 4)

अष्टभिः (aṣṭabhiḥ) - with eight arrows (with eight)

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of aṣṭan

aṣṭan - eight

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying implied 'arrows'.