महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-60, verse-21

पराजिताः पञ्च महारथास्तु ते महाहवे सूतसुतेन मारिष ।
निरुद्यमास्तस्थुरमित्रमर्दना यथेन्द्रियार्थात्मवता पराजिताः ॥२१॥

21. parājitāḥ pañca mahārathāstu te; mahāhave sūtasutena māriṣa ,
nirudyamāstasthuramitramardanā; yathendriyārthātmavatā parājitāḥ.

21. parājitāḥ pañca mahārathāḥ tu te
mahāhave sūtasutena māriṣa
nirudyamāḥ tasthuḥ amitramardanāḥ
yathā indriyārthāḥ ātmavatā parājitāḥ

21. māriṣa te pañca mahārathāḥ
amitramardanāḥ mahāhave sūtasutena
parājitāḥ nirudyamāḥ tasthuḥ yathā
ātmavatā indriyārthāḥ parājitāḥ

21. O venerable one, those five great charioteers, though they were crushers of enemies, were defeated in that great battle by the son of the charioteer (Karṇa). They stood there without spirit, just as sense objects are overcome by a self-controlled person (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - defeated, conquered

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the five Pandavas (great charioteers, great warriors)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ते (te) - those, they

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

• सूतसुतेन (sūtasutena) - by Karṇa (by the son of the charioteer)

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O venerable one, O respected sir)

• निरुद्यमाः (nirudyamāḥ) - without effort, spiritless, helpless, resigned

• तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood, they remained

• अमित्रमर्दनाः (amitramardanāḥ) - an epithet for the Pāṇḍavas (crushers of enemies, foe-destroying)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• इन्द्रियार्थाः (indriyārthāḥ) - objects of the senses, sense objects

• आत्मवता (ātmavatā) - by a self-controlled person, by one who possesses the (true) self

• पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - conquered, overcome

Words meanings and morphology

पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parājita

parājita - defeated, overcome, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

From verb root `ji` (to conquer) with prefix `parā`.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pañcan

pañcan - five

Note: Functions as an adjective for mahārathāḥ.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the five Pandavas (great charioteers, great warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the five Pāṇḍavas.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the mahārathāḥ.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• hava – battle, war, fight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hve

सूतसुतेन (sūtasutena) - by Karṇa (by the son of the charioteer)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtasuta

sūtasuta - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+suta)

• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `sū` (to procreate, give birth).
  Root: sū (class 2)

मारिष (māriṣa) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O venerable one, O respected sir)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - respected sir, venerable one (often used in addresses in plays/epics)

निरुद्यमाः (nirudyamāḥ) - without effort, spiritless, helpless, resigned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirudyama

nirudyama - without effort, without enterprise, spiritless, resigned

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+udyama)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or separation.
• udyama – effort, exertion, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  From root `yam` with prefix `ud`.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mahārathāḥ.

तस्थुः (tasthuḥ) - they stood, they remained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated perfect.

Root: sthā (class 1)

अमित्रमर्दनाः (amitramardanāḥ) - an epithet for the Pāṇḍavas (crushers of enemies, foe-destroying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amitramardana

amitramardana - crushing enemies, foe-destroying

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+mardana)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  From `a` (not) + `mitra` (friend).
• mardana – crushing, destroying
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/action noun from root `mṛd`
  Derived from root `mṛd` (to crush, grind) with suffix `ana`.
  Root: mṛd (class 7)

Note: Agrees with mahārathāḥ.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

इन्द्रियार्थाः (indriyārthāḥ) - objects of the senses, sense objects

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of indriyārtha

indriyārtha - object of sense, sense object

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indriya+artha)

• indriya – sense organ
  noun (neuter)
• artha – object, purpose, meaning
  noun (masculine)

आत्मवता (ātmavatā) - by a self-controlled person, by one who possesses the (true) self

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātmavat

ātmavat - possessing a soul/self, self-controlled, wise

Derived from `ātman` (ātman) with possessive suffix `vat`.

Note: Agrees with an implied agent.

पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - conquered, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parājita

parājita - defeated, overcome, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

From verb root `ji` (to conquer) with prefix `parā`.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with indriyārthāḥ.