महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-60, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततः कर्णः कुरुषु प्रद्रुतेषु वरूथिना श्वेतहयेन राजन् ।
पाञ्चालपुत्रान्व्यधमत्सूतपुत्रो महेषुभिर्वात इवाभ्रसंघान् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tataḥ karṇaḥ kuruṣu pradruteṣu; varūthinā śvetahayena rājan ,
pāñcālaputrānvyadhamatsūtaputro; maheṣubhirvāta ivābhrasaṁghān.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tataḥ karṇaḥ kuruṣu
pradruteṣu varūthinā śvetahayena rājan
pāñcālaputrān vyadhamat sūtaputraḥ
maheṣubhiḥ vātaḥ iva abhrasaṅghān

1. saṃjaya uvāca rājan tataḥ varūthinā śvetahayena kuruṣu pradruteṣu,
sūtaputraḥ karṇaḥ maheṣubhiḥ pāñcālaputrān vyadhamat vātaḥ iva abhrasaṅghān.

1. Saṃjaya said: "Then, O King, when the Kauravas were put to flight by the charioteer with white horses (Arjuna), Karṇa, the son of the charioteer, scattered the sons of Pañcāla with his great arrows, just as the wind disperses masses of clouds."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• कुरुषु (kuruṣu) - when the Kauravas (among the Kurus, regarding the Kurus)

• प्रद्रुतेषु (pradruteṣu) - when the Kauravas were put to flight (when they had fled, who were fleeing)

• वरूथिना (varūthinā) - by Arjuna (by a charioteer, by a warrior in a chariot)

• श्वेतहयेन (śvetahayena) - by Arjuna (who had white horses) (by one with white horses)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• पाञ्चालपुत्रान् (pāñcālaputrān) - the sons of Pañcāla

• व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - scattered, blew away, dispersed

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa (the son of a charioteer)

• महेषुभिः (maheṣubhiḥ) - with great arrows

• वातः (vātaḥ) - wind

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• अभ्रसङ्घान् (abhrasaṅghān) - masses of clouds, cloud formations

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (the charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Irregular perfect formation from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a proper name, son of Sūrya and Kuntī)

कुरुषु (kuruṣu) - when the Kauravas (among the Kurus, regarding the Kurus)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru (descendant of Kuru), a member of the Kuru clan, the Kuru country

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

प्रद्रुतेषु (pradruteṣu) - when the Kauravas were put to flight (when they had fled, who were fleeing)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of pradruta

pradruta - fled, run away, routed, scattered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dru (to run) with pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

वरूथिना (varūthinā) - by Arjuna (by a charioteer, by a warrior in a chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of varūthin

varūthin - a charioteer, a warrior, one having a chariot

श्वेतहयेन (śvetahayena) - by Arjuna (who had white horses) (by one with white horses)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śvetahaya

śvetahaya - having white horses

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śveta+haya)

• śveta – white, pure
  adjective (masculine)
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पाञ्चालपुत्रान् (pāñcālaputrān) - the sons of Pañcāla

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcālaputra

pāñcālaputra - son of Pañcāla, a prince of Pañcāla

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāñcāla+putra)

• pāñcāla – Pañcāla (a country and its people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - scattered, blew away, dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vi-dham

imperfect active

Imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefix: vi

Root: dham (class 1)

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa (the son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

महेषुभिः (maheṣubhiḥ) - with great arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maheṣu

maheṣu - a great arrow

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+iṣu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

वातः (vātaḥ) - wind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air

From root vā (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अभ्रसङ्घान् (abhrasaṅghān) - masses of clouds, cloud formations

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhrasaṅgha

abhrasaṅgha - a mass of clouds, a cloud formation

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhra+saṅgha)

• abhra – cloud, sky
  noun (neuter)
• saṅgha – multitude, group, mass, collection
  noun (masculine)