महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-79, verse-21

ततो दुर्योधनोऽष्टौ च राजानस्ते महारथाः ।
जयद्रथस्य रक्षार्थं पाण्डवं पर्यवारयन् ॥२१॥

21. tato duryodhano'ṣṭau ca rājānaste mahārathāḥ ,
jayadrathasya rakṣārthaṁ pāṇḍavaṁ paryavārayan.

21. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ aṣṭau ca rājānaḥ te mahārathāḥ
jayadrathasya rakṣārtham pāṇḍavam paryavārayan

21. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ ca te aṣṭau mahārathāḥ rājānaḥ
jayadrathasya rakṣārtham pāṇḍavam paryavārayan

21. Then Duryodhana and those eight great charioteer kings surrounded the son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna) for the protection of Jayadratha.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• ते (te) - those

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

• जयद्रथस्य (jayadrathasya) - of Jayadratha

• रक्षार्थम् (rakṣārtham) - for the purpose of protection, for guarding

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (the son of Pāṇḍu)

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encircled

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas added to pronoun 'tad'

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

compound of dur (difficult, bad) + yodhana (fighting, warrior)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  prefix
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(numeral adjective)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior (one capable of fighting many warriors simultaneously)

compound of mahā (great) + ratha (chariot, warrior)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  from root ram (to delight) or raṃh (to go); 'ratha' often refers to a warrior fighting from a chariot in epic contexts.

जयद्रथस्य (jayadrathasya) - of Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (name of the king of Sindhu, husband of Duryodhana's sister)

compound of jaya (victory) + ratha (chariot)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  from root ji (to conquer, win)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

रक्षार्थम् (rakṣārtham) - for the purpose of protection, for guarding

(indeclinable)

compound of rakṣā (protection) + artha (purpose); functioning adverbially

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rakṣā+artha)

• rakṣā – protection, guarding, defense
  noun (feminine)
  from root rakṣ (to protect)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, cause, wealth
  noun (masculine)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (the son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

patronymic formed from Pāṇḍu with suffix -a

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encircled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛ

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person plural of the causative form (vārayati) of root √vṛ, with the prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)