महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-79, verse-16

महारथसमाख्याता दुर्योधनहितैषिणः ।
अमृष्यमाणास्तं शब्दं क्रुद्धाः परमधन्विनः ।
नानादेश्या महीपालाः स्वसैन्यपरिरक्षिणः ॥१६॥

16. mahārathasamākhyātā duryodhanahitaiṣiṇaḥ ,
amṛṣyamāṇāstaṁ śabdaṁ kruddhāḥ paramadhanvinaḥ ,
nānādeśyā mahīpālāḥ svasainyaparirakṣiṇaḥ.

16. mahārathasamākhyātāḥ duryodhanahitaiṣiṇaḥ
amṛṣyamāṇāḥ tam śabdam
kruddhāḥ paramadhanvinaḥ nānādeśyāḥ
mahīpālāḥ svasainyaparirakṣiṇaḥ

16. (tadā) nānādeśyāḥ mahārathasamākhyātāḥ
duryodhanahitaiṣiṇaḥ paramadhanvinaḥ
svasainyaparirakṣiṇaḥ mahīpālāḥ tam
śabdam amṛṣyamāṇāḥ kruddhāḥ (abhavan)

16. The kings from various countries, renowned as great chariot-warriors (mahāratha), well-wishers of Duryodhana, supreme archers, and protectors of their own armies, became enraged, unable to endure that sound.

Words meanings summery:

• महारथसमाख्याताः (mahārathasamākhyātāḥ) - known and designated as mahāratha warriors (capable of fighting thousands of opponents) (renowned as great chariot-warriors)

• दुर्योधनहितैषिणः (duryodhanahitaiṣiṇaḥ) - those who desired the welfare of Duryodhana (well-wishers of Duryodhana)

• अमृष्यमाणाः (amṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - unable to bear the powerful sound of the conch (not enduring, unable to tolerate)

• तम् (tam) - that specific sound (from the conch of Kṛṣṇa) (that, him, it)

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - the sound of the conch (Pāñcajanya) from the previous verse (sound, noise)

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

• परमधन्विनः (paramadhanvinaḥ) - supreme archers, excellent bowmen

• नानादेश्याः (nānādeśyāḥ) - from various countries, belonging to various lands

• महीपालाः (mahīpālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

• स्वसैन्यपरिरक्षिणः (svasainyaparirakṣiṇaḥ) - protectors of their own armies

Words meanings and morphology

महारथसमाख्याताः (mahārathasamākhyātāḥ) - known and designated as mahāratha warriors (capable of fighting thousands of opponents) (renowned as great chariot-warriors)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahārathasamākhyāta

mahārathasamākhyāta - designated as a great chariot-warrior, renowned as a mahāratha

Past Passive Participle

Compound: mahāratha (great warrior) + samākhyāta (renowned). Root khyā (to tell, to name) with prefix sam-ā-

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahāratha+samākhyāta)

• mahāratha – great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)
• samākhyāta – well-known, designated, called, named
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Particable
  Root khyā (to tell, to name) with prefixes sam- and ā-
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālāḥ.

दुर्योधनहितैषिणः (duryodhanahitaiṣiṇaḥ) - those who desired the welfare of Duryodhana (well-wishers of Duryodhana)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanahitaiṣin

duryodhanahitaiṣin - one who wishes good for Duryodhana, a well-wisher of Duryodhana

Compound: Duryodhana (proper noun) + hitaiṣin (well-wisher). Root iṣ (to wish) with prefix hita (welfare)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duryodhana+hitaiṣin)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• hitaiṣin – well-wishing, benevolent, desiring good
  adjective (masculine)
  Nominal derivative from hita + iṣ + ṇini
  Derived from hita (welfare) + root iṣ (to wish, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālāḥ.

अमृष्यमाणाः (amṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - unable to bear the powerful sound of the conch (not enduring, unable to tolerate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amṛṣyamāṇa

amṛṣyamāṇa - not enduring, unable to tolerate, impatient

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negative prefix a- + root mṛṣ (to bear, to endure) + śānac suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+mṛṣyamāṇa)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
• mṛṣyamāṇa – enduring, tolerating
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Passive Participle
  Root mṛṣ (to bear, to endure) + śānac suffix (passive sense)
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālāḥ.

तम् (tam) - that specific sound (from the conch of Kṛṣṇa) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to 'śabdam'.

शब्दम् (śabdam) - the sound of the conch (Pāñcajanya) from the previous verse (sound, noise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

Note: Object of amṛṣyamāṇāḥ.

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, infuriated

Past Passive Participle

Root krudh (to be angry) + kta suffix

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālāḥ.

परमधन्विनः (paramadhanvinaḥ) - supreme archers, excellent bowmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paramadhanvin

paramadhanvin - supreme archer, excellent bowman

Compound: parama (supreme, excellent) + dhanvin (archer, bowman)

Compound type : karmadharaya (parama+dhanvin)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective
• dhanvin – archer, bowman, possessing a bow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from dhanus (bow)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālāḥ.

नानादेश्याः (nānādeśyāḥ) - from various countries, belonging to various lands

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānādeśya

nānādeśya - belonging to various countries or regions

Compound: nānā (various) + deśya (belonging to a country)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nānā+deśya)

• nānā – various, manifold
  indeclinable
• deśya – belonging to a country, native
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from deśa (country)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālāḥ.

महीपालाः (mahīpālāḥ) - kings, protectors of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound: mahī (earth) + pāla (protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The main subject of the sentence.

स्वसैन्यपरिरक्षिणः (svasainyaparirakṣiṇaḥ) - protectors of their own armies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svasainyaparirakṣin

svasainyaparirakṣin - one who protects one's own army

Compound: sva (own) + sainya (army) + parirakṣin (protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+sainya+parirakṣin)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• sainya – army, host of soldiers
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from senā (army)
• parirakṣin – protector, guardian
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Root rakṣ (to protect) with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mahīpālāḥ.