महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-39, verse-30

ततः कृच्छ्रगतं कर्णं दृष्ट्वा कर्णादनन्तरः ।
सौभद्रमभ्ययात्तूर्णं दृढमुद्यम्य कार्मुकम् ॥३०॥

30. tataḥ kṛcchragataṁ karṇaṁ dṛṣṭvā karṇādanantaraḥ ,
saubhadramabhyayāttūrṇaṁ dṛḍhamudyamya kārmukam.

30. tataḥ kṛcchragatam karṇam dṛṣṭvā karṇāt anantaraḥ
saubhadram abhyayāt tūrṇam dṛḍham udyamya kārmukam

30. tataḥ karṇāt anantaraḥ kṛcchragatam karṇam dṛṣṭvā
dṛḍham kārmukam udyamya tūrṇam saubhadram abhyayāt

30. Then, seeing Karna in distress, Karna's son (Karṇādanantaraḥ, likely Vṛṣasena) swiftly approached Abhimanyu (Saubhadra), firmly raising his bow.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• कृच्छ्रगतम् (kṛcchragatam) - fallen into distress (fallen into difficulty/distress)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कर्णात् (karṇāt) - from Karna (indicating relation, 'Karna's') (from Karna)

• अनन्तरः (anantaraḥ) - son (following) of Karna; i.e., Karna's son (Vṛṣasena) (next, following, immediately after)

• सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - to Abhimanyu (to the son of Subhadra)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he approached

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - firmly (firmly, strongly, fixed)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - raising (having lifted up, raising)

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - (his) bow (bow)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

कृच्छ्रगतम् (kṛcchragatam) - fallen into distress (fallen into difficulty/distress)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛcchragata

kṛcchragata - fallen into difficulty, distressed

Compound of kṛcchra (difficulty) and gata (gone/fallen, ppp of gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛcchra+gata)

• kṛcchra – difficulty, distress, pain
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived at, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam 'to go'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying Karna.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; name of a famous warrior

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form.

कर्णात् (karṇāt) - from Karna (indicating relation, 'Karna's') (from Karna)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; name of a famous warrior

Note: Used here to indicate a relation of origin or descent, 'Karna's'.

अनन्तरः (anantaraḥ) - son (following) of Karna; i.e., Karna's son (Vṛṣasena) (next, following, immediately after)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anantara

anantara - having no interval, immediately following, next, uninterrupted; neighbor

Compound of an (negation) + antara (interval)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+antara)

• an – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• antara – interval, space between, inside, other
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used as a substantive to mean 'Karna's successor/son'.

सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - to Abhimanyu (to the son of Subhadra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadra

Patronymic from Subhadra.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect Active

From root i 'to go' with prefix abhi. abhi-i-ayat becomes abhyayāt (imperfect).

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root tur 'to hurry'

Root: tur (class 6)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter singular accusative.

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - firmly (firmly, strongly, fixed)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛh 'to be firm'

Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter singular accusative.

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - raising (having lifted up, raising)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund (with prefix)

Absolutive form from root yam with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form.

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - (his) bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - made of wood of Krmuka tree; a bow